0000749251-24-000006 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

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Stockholders' Equity - Summary of Transactions Relating to Common Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Roll Forward]
Payments for purchases of treasury stock	$ 606,188	$ 1,043,742	$ 1,655,547
Treasury Stock
Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	84,428,513	81,205,504	74,759,985
Issuances under stock plans (in shares)	(975,745)	(599,081)	(807,320)
Purchases for treasury (in shares)	1,811,758	3,822,090	7,252,839
Ending balance (in shares)	85,264,526	84,428,513	81,205,504
Common Stock
Common Stock Outstanding Roll Forward [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067	163,602,067
Issuances under stock plans (in shares)	0	0	0
Purchases for treasury (in shares)	0	0	0
Ending balance (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067	163,602,067

Insider Trading Arrangements	3 Months Ended
Insider Trading Arrangements	Dec. 31, 2023
Trading Arrangements, by Individual
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted	false
Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false
Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated	false

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Goodwill. The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands).


	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)	$	2,670,934	$	184,021	$	96,362	$	2,951,317
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,617		—		—		4,617
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3)	(16,000)		—		—		(16,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)		(70)		(1,295)		(9,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	2,651,193		183,951		95,067		2,930,211
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,176		—		—		4,176
Foreign currency translation impact	2,180		46		647		2,873
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)	$	2,657,549	$	183,997	$	95,714	$	2,937,260

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

(2)The additions were due to the acquisition of UpCity in October 2022 and an independent sales agent in September 2023 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets held-for-sale due to the divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business in February 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. The amount of goodwill allocated to the divestiture was determined using a relative fair value approach.

Finite-lived intangible assets. Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).


December 31, 2023	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2022	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		$	1,082,177
Additions due to an acquisition (1)	990		—		—		990
Intangible assets fully amortized	(987)		(39)		(236)		(1,262)

Foreign currency translation impact	16,639		39		—		16,678
Gross cost	1,077,183		11,200		10,200		1,098,583
Accumulated amortization (3)	(580,937)		(9,333)		(6,355)		(596,625)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	496,246	$	1,867	$	3,845	$	501,958


December 31, 2022	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021	$	1,096,358	$	61,216	$	10,436	$	1,168,010


Reclassified as held-for-sale (2)	—		(49,487)		—		(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)		(529)		—		(36,346)
Gross cost	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		1,082,177
Accumulated amortization (3)	(486,260)		(5,600)		(5,603)		(497,463)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	574,281	$	5,600	$	4,833	$	584,714

(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of an independent sales agent in September 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(2)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets held-for-sale due to the divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business in February 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

(3)Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Technology-related—3 to 7 years; and Other —4 to 11 years.

Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $92.5 million, $98.5 million and $109.6 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).


2024	$	90,138
2025	81,471
2026	78,796
2027	78,188
2028	76,716
2029 and thereafter	96,649
	$	501,958

Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Renewal term	10 years
Option to terminate, term	1 year
Lessee, operating lease, lease not yet commenced, undiscounted lease payments	$ 3,200
Leases not yet commenced, term	5 years
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 20,368	$ 53,970	$ 49,537
Increase (decrease) in operating lease liability			19,300
Selling, general and administrative
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	20,400	54,000	49,500
Right-of-use assets
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	14,700	40,700	50,900
Leasehold improvements
Lessee, Lease, Description [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 5,700	$ 13,300	$ 17,900

Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
Cover Page - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2023	Feb. 02, 2024	Jun. 30, 2023
Cover [Abstract]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2023
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Transition Report	false
Entity File Number	1-14443
Entity Registrant Name	GARTNER, INC.
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	04-3099750
Entity Address, Address Line One	P.O. Box 10212
Entity Address, Address Line Two	56 Top Gallant Road
Entity Address, City or Town	Stamford,
Entity Address, State or Province	CT
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	06902-7700
City Area Code	203
Local Phone Number	964-0096
Title of 12(b) Security	Common Stock, $0.0005 par value per share
Trading Symbol	IT
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	Yes
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 26.8
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		77,967,884
Documents Incorporated by Reference	The definitive Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders (the “2024 Proxy Statement”) is incorporated by reference into Part III to the extent described therein.
Entity Central Index Key	0000749251
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2023
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Amendment Flag	false

Fair Value Disclosures - Fair Value of Debt Instruments (Details) - Senior Notes - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	$ 2,182,071	$ 2,179,209
Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	2,012,048	1,953,562
2028 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	794,088	792,934
2028 Notes \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	759,040	740,864
2029 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	594,794	593,951
2029 Notes \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	543,408	523,842
2030 Notes
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Carrying Amount	793,189	792,324
2030 Notes \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Fair Value	$ 709,600	$ 688,856

- Definition

Amount, after deduction of unamortized premium (discount) and debt issuance cost, of long-term debt. Excludes lease obligation.

+ References + Details

Fair Value Disclosures (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Assets and Liabilities Measured to Fair Value on Recurring Basis

The table below presents the fair value of certain financial assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value and measured on a recurring basis in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands).



	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	10,290	$	6,065
Total Level 1 inputs	10,290		6,065
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	104,555		84,318
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	1,646		3,236
Interest rate swap contract (3)	7,059		10,298
Total Level 2 inputs	113,260		97,852
Total Assets	$	123,550	$	103,917
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	121,708	$	96,641
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	1,466		2,611

Total Level 2 inputs	123,174		99,252
Total Liabilities	$	123,174	$	99,252

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits). The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts. The money market funds consist of cash equivalents while the mutual fund investments consist of publicly-traded and quoted equity shares. The Company considers the fair values of these assets to be based on Level 1 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $10.3 million and $6.1 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The carrying amounts of the life insurance contracts equal their cash surrender values. Cash surrender value represents the estimated amount that the Company would receive upon termination of a contract, which approximates fair value. The Company considers life insurance contracts to be valued based on Level 2 inputs, and such assets had fair values of $104.6 million and $84.3 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.

(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 6 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.

Schedule of Carrying Values and Estimated Fair Values of Debt Instruments

The table below presents the carrying amounts (net of deferred financing costs) and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands). The estimated fair value of the financial instruments was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.


	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	December 31,				December 31,
Description	2023		2022		2023		2022
2028 Notes	$	794,088	$	792,934	$	759,040	$	740,864
2029 Notes	594,794		593,951		543,408		523,842
2030 Notes	793,189		792,324		709,600		688,856
Total	$	2,182,071	$	2,179,209	$	2,012,048	$	1,953,562

Debt - Interest Rate Swaps (Details) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Debt - Interest Rate Swaps (Details) $ in Thousands	May 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) contract
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of contracts \| contract		112	139
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value		$ 875,719	$ 1,037,763
Interest rate swap
Derivative [Line Items]
Term of contract	30 days	30 days
Loss on release of interest rate swap recognized in AOCI		$ 32,300
Interest rate swap \| Minimum
Derivative [Line Items]
Fixed interest rate	2.98%	3.04%
Interest rate swap \| Debt Instrument, Redemption, Period One
Derivative [Line Items]
Number of contracts \| contract		1
Interest rate swap contracts total notional value		$ 350,000

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Amount of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Interest and Penalties (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Excluding Amounts Pertaining to Examined Tax Returns [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 137,227	$ 150,024
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	22,822	10,989
Additions for tax positions of prior years	4,361	12,153
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(14)	(485)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(15,625)	(30,817)
Settlements	(441)	(2,177)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	60
Change in foreign currency exchange rates		(2,460)
Ending balance	$ 148,390	$ 137,227

Stockholders' Equity - Changes in AOCL/I by Component (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 227,798	$ 371,058	$ 1,090,428
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	10,061	(37,435)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	15,218	17,256
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	25,279	(20,179)	17,797
Ending Balance	680,634	227,798	371,058
Derivative reclassifications	(14,226)	(2,246)	(10,217)
Interest rate swap
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Derivative reclassifications	20,100	22,600
Interest Rate Swaps
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(39,248)	(56,323)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	0	0
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	15,086	17,075
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	15,086	17,075
Ending Balance	(24,162)	(39,248)	(56,323)
Defined Benefit Pension Plans
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(4,247)	(6,672)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	(1,616)	2,244
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	132	181
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	(1,484)	2,425
Ending Balance	(5,731)	(4,247)	(6,672)
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(58,115)	(18,436)
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	11,677	(39,679)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income	0	0
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	11,677	(39,679)
Ending Balance	(46,438)	(58,115)	(18,436)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	(101,610)	(81,431)	(99,228)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	25,279	(20,179)	17,797
Ending Balance	$ (76,331)	$ (101,610)	$ (81,431)

Derivatives and Hedging (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Notional Amounts of Outstanding Derivative Positions


Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swap (1)	1	$	350,000	$	1,097	Other assets	$	(24,162)
				5,962		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	111	525,719		180		Other current assets	—
Total	112	$	875,719	$	7,239		$	(24,162)

December 31, 2022


Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swaps (1)	1	$	350,000	$	3,952	Other assets	$	(39,248)
				6,346		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	687,763		625		Other current assets	—
Total	139	$	1,037,763	$	10,923		$	(39,248)

(1)As a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2020. Accordingly, hedge accounting is not applicable, and subsequent changes to fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income, net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.

(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income, net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at December 31, 2023 matured before January 31, 2024.

(3)See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

Schedule of Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) in Statement of Financial Performance

The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


Amount Recorded In	2023		2022		2021
Interest expense (1)	$	20,062	$	22,643	$	29,061
Other income, net (2)	(5,836)		(20,397)		(18,844)
Total expense, net	$	14,226	$	2,246	$	10,217

(1)Consists of interest expense from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps.

Revenue and Related Matters - Disaggregation of Revenue by Geographic Area (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 5,906,956	$ 5,475,846	$ 4,733,962
United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	3,911,042	3,619,382	3,048,902
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,332,070	1,234,659	1,130,979
Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	663,844	621,805	554,081
Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,887,046	4,604,791	4,101,392
Research \| United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	3,275,866	3,056,096	2,655,534
Research \| Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,060,959	1,017,860	958,339
Research \| Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	550,221	530,835	487,519
Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	505,164	389,273	214,449
Conferences \| United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	317,531	263,165	146,707
Conferences \| Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	140,640	88,979	47,883
Conferences \| Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	46,993	37,129	19,859
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	514,746	481,782	418,121
Consulting \| United States and Canada
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	317,645	300,121	246,661
Consulting \| Europe, Middle East and Africa
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	130,471	127,820	124,757
Consulting \| Other International
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 66,630	$ 53,841	$ 46,703

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount, excluding tax collected from customer, of revenue from satisfaction of performance obligation by transferring promised good or service to customer. Tax collected from customer is tax assessed by governmental authority that is both imposed on and concurrent with specific revenue-producing transaction, including, but not limited to, sales, use, value added and excise.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 924
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
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Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-5

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Publisher FASB
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Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 22
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
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-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (b)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 4
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-4

+ Details

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities

The Company’s Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts payable	$	63,139	$	83,225
Payroll and employee benefits payable	243,338		221,242

Bonus payable	279,482		254,675
Commissions payable	165,898		168,042
Income tax payable	72,181		76,383
VAT payable	60,709		43,187
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	98,493		99,717
Other accrued liabilities	144,364		168,727
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,127,604	$	1,115,198

The Company’s Other liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Non-current deferred revenues	$	33,490	$	39,115
Long-term taxes payable	114,467		92,812
Benefit plan-related liabilities	157,033		124,378
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	86,550		139,531
Other	23,924		27,628
Total other liabilities	$	415,464	$	423,464

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in SARs Outstanding (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Granted	1 year 7 months 6 days
Stock appreciation rights
SARs
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares)	0.8
Granted (in shares)	0.1
Exercised (in shares)	(0.3)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	0.6	0.8
Vested and exercisable, ending balance (in shares)	0.3
Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	$ 168.16
Granted (in dollars per share)	348.47
Exercised (in dollars per share)	129.05
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	216.40	$ 168.16
Vested and exercisable, ending balance (in Dollars per share)	170.63
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share)	42.99
Granted (in dollars per share)	126.04
Exercised (in Dollars per share)	29.60
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share)	62.85	$ 42.99
Vested and exercisable, ending balance (in Dollars per share)	$ 42.88
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Weighted average remaining contractual terms	3 years 11 months 1 day	3 years 10 months 20 days
Granted	5 years 9 months 10 days
Weighted average remaining contractual terms vested and exercisable	3 years 3 months
Unvested SARs (in shares)	0.6	0.8
Aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding shares	$ 139.9
Aggregate intrinsic value of shares vested and exercisable	$ 81.3
Stock appreciation rights \| Unvested
SARs
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	0.3
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Unvested SARs (in shares)	0.3

Stockholders' Equity

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Stockholders' Equity

Stockholders’ Equity

Common stock. Holders of Gartner’s common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, are entitled to one vote per share on all matters to be voted by stockholders. The Company does not currently pay cash dividends on its common stock. Also, the 2020 Credit Agreement contains a negative covenant that may limit the Company’s ability to pay dividends. The table below summarizes transactions relating to the Company’s common stock for the three years ended December 31, 2023.


	Issued Shares	Treasury Stock Shares
Balance at December 31, 2020	163,602,067	74,759,985
Issuances under stock plans	—	(807,320)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	7,252,839
Balance at December 31, 2021	163,602,067	81,205,504
Issuances under stock plans	—	(599,081)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	3,822,090
Balance at December 31, 2022	163,602,067	84,428,513
Issuances under stock plans	—	(975,745)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	1,811,758
Balance at December 31, 2023	163,602,067	85,264,526

(1)The Company used a total of $0.6 billion, $1.0 billion and $1.7 billion in cash for share repurchases during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Share repurchase authorization. In 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.2 billion of the Company’s common stock. The Board authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $1.6 billion, $1.0 billion and $0.9 billion of the Company’s common stock during 2021, 2022 and 2023, respectively. $987 million remained available as of December 31, 2023. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net (“AOCI/L”)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the years indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Year Ended December 31, 2023


	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		(1,616)		11,677		10,061
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	15,086		132		—		15,218
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	15,086		(1,484)		11,677		25,279
Balance - December 31, 2023	$	(24,162)	$	(5,731)	$	(46,438)	$	(76,331)

Year Ended December 31, 2022


	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,244		(39,679)		(37,435)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	17,075		181		—		17,256
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	17,075		2,425		(39,679)		(20,179)
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

(2)$20.1 million and $22.6 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. See Note 6 — Debt and Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.

(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were primarily recorded in Selling, general and administrative expense, net of tax effect. See Note 15 — Employee Benefits for information regarding the Company’s defined benefit pension plans.

The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at December 31, 2023 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $19.1 million.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for equity.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 235
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481062/946-235-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 505
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481004/946-505-50-6

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 815
-SubTopic 40
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 6
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480237/815-40-50-6

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.3-04)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480008/505-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(e)(1))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 10: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 505
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-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

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-Topic 505
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

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-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-13

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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-14

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-Topic 505
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Reference 17: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 505
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-Topic 505
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481112/505-10-50-18

+ Details

Acquisitions and Divestiture	12 Months Ended
Acquisitions and Divestiture	Dec. 31, 2023
Business Combination and Asset Acquisition [Abstract]
Acquisitions and Divestiture	Acquisitions and Divestiture Acquisitions Year Ended December 31, 2023 In September 2023, the Company acquired 100% of a formerly independent sales agent of Gartner research products in the Czech Republic for an aggregate purchase price of $7.9 million, including cash acquired and deferred consideration. The allocation of the purchase price is preliminary with respect to certain tax matters. Year Ended December 31, 2022 In October 2022, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of UpCity, Inc. (“UpCity”), a privately-held company based in Chicago, Illinois, for an aggregate purchase price of $6.4 million. UpCity’s online marketplace helps small businesses by connecting them to ratings and reviews of more than 50,000 B2B service providers. Year Ended December 31, 2021 In June 2021, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding capital stock of Pulse Q&A Inc. (“Pulse”), a privately-held company based in San Francisco, California, for an aggregate purchase price of $29.9 million. Pulse is a technology-enabled community platform. During 2021, the Company paid $22.9 million in cash for Pulse after considering the cash acquired with the business, amounts held in escrow and certain other purchase price adjustments. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company paid $4.1 million of deferred consideration held in escrow. In addition to the purchase price, the Company may also be required to pay up to $4.5 million in cash based on the continuing employment of certain key employees. Such amounts are recognized as compensation expense over three years post-acquisition and reported in Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company recorded $31.0 million of goodwill and finite-lived intangible assets and $1.1 million of liabilities on a net basis for the Pulse acquisition. Divestiture In February 2023, the Company completed the sale of a non-core business, TalentNeuron, for approximately $161.1 million after consideration of post-close adjustments. The Company recorded a pre-tax gain of $135.4 million on the sale of TalentNeuron, which is included in Gain from sale of divested operation in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2023. TalentNeuron was included in the Company’s Research segment. The principal components of the assets divested included goodwill, intangible assets, net, property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net, and accounts receivable, with carrying amounts of $16.0 million, $9.5 million, $4.5 million and $11.8 million, respectively, while the liabilities transferred with the sale primarily consisted of deferred revenue with a carrying amount of $24.4 million. Such assets and liabilities were included in Assets held-for-sale and Liabilities held-for-sale, respectively, on the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2022 at their respective carrying values at that date. Acquisition and Integration Charges The Company recognized $9.6 million, $9.1 million and $6.1 million of Acquisition and integration charges during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Acquisition and integration charges reflect additional costs and expenses resulting from the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures and include, among other items, professional fees and personnel related expenses. During 2021, the Company received $2.3 million cash proceeds from deferred consideration related to a 2018 divestiture.

Employee Benefits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]

Employee Benefits

Defined contribution plans. The Company has savings and investment plans (the “401(k) Plans”) covering substantially all U.S. employees. Company contributions are based on the level of employee contributions, up to a maximum of 4% of an employee’s eligible salary, subject to an annual maximum. For 2023, the maximum Company match was $7,200. Amounts expensed in connection with the 401(k) Plans totaled $56.0 million, $50.4 million and $44.1 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Deferred compensation plans. The Company has supplemental deferred compensation plans for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The plans’ investment assets are recorded at fair value in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The value of those assets was $114.8 million and $90.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively (see Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for fair value information). The related deferred compensation plan liabilities, which were $121.7 million and $96.6 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, are carried at fair value and are adjusted with a corresponding charge or credit to compensation expense to reflect the fair value of the amount owed to the employees. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Compensation expense recognized for all of the Company’s deferred compensation plans was $2.8 million, $0.4 million and $1.3 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Defined benefit pension plans. The Company has defined benefit pension plans at several of its international locations. Benefits earned and paid under those plans are generally based on years of service and level of employee compensation. The Company’s vested benefit obligation is the actuarial present value of the vested benefits to which an employee is entitled based on the employee’s expected date of separation or retirement. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 715 and 960. The table below presents the components of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan expense for the years ended December 31 (in thousands). The components of pension expense, other than service cost, are recorded in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


	2023		2022		2021
Service cost	$	5,363	$	4,173	$	4,511
Interest cost	2,173		709		605
Expected return on plan assets	(1,132)		(459)		(350)
Recognition of actuarial loss	171		264		576
Recognition of loss due to settlements	—		—		286
Other	(638)		501		—
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$	5,937	$	5,188	$	5,628

The table below presents the key assumptions used in the computation of pension expense for the years ended December 31.


	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average discount rate (1)	3.67	%	1.24	%	0.94	%
Expected return on plan assets	3.90	%	1.58	%	1.19	%
Average compensation increase	3.37	%	2.57	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60	%	1.20	%	0.80	%

(1)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The table below provides information regarding changes in the projected benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297
Service cost	5,363		4,173		4,511
Interest cost	2,173		709		605
Actuarial loss (gain) due to assumption changes and plan experience (1)	2,527		(7,318)		(2,230)

Benefits payments (2)	(1,974)		(1,225)		(1,198)
Plan amendments	—		—		269
Settlements	—		—		(1,606)
Acquisition/Business Combination/Divestiture	(268)		—		—
Other	4,628		5,685		—
Foreign currency impact	643		(4,686)		(4,675)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3)	$	68,403	$	55,311	$	57,973

The table below presents the key assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations at December 31.


	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average discount rate (4)	3.48	%	3.67	%	1.24	%
Average compensation increase	3.29	%	3.37	%	2.57	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.10	%	3.60	%	1.20	%

(1)The actuarial (gain) losses were primarily due to changes in the weighted average discount rate assumption.

(2)The Company projects benefit payments will be made in future years directly to plan participants as follows: $3.5 million in 2024; $3.6 million in 2025; $4.0 million in 2026; $4.6 million in 2027; $5.8 million in 2028; and $32.6 million in total in the five years thereafter.

(3)Measured as of December 31.

(4)Discount rates are typically determined by using the yields on long-term corporate or government bonds in the relevant country with a duration consistent with the expected term of the underlying pension obligations.

The tables below provide information regarding the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans and the related amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31 (in thousands).


Funded status of the plans	2023		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	68,403	$	55,311	$	57,973
Pension plan assets at fair value (1)	(33,034)		(27,798)		(29,737)
Funded status – shortfall (2)	$	35,369	$	27,513	$	28,236

Accumulated benefit obligation	$	61,713	$	50,335	$	54,701

Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities – accrued pension obligation (2)	$	35,369	$	27,513	$	28,236
Stockholders’ equity – deferred actuarial loss (3)	$	(5,731)	$	(4,247)	$	(6,672)

(1)The pension plan assets are held by third-party trustees and are invested in a diversified portfolio of equities, high-quality government and corporate bonds, and other investments. The assets are primarily valued based on Level 1 and Level 2 inputs under the fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820, with the majority of the invested assets considered to be of low-to-medium investment risk. The Company projects a future long-term rate of return on these plan assets of 3.59%, which it believes is reasonable based on the composition of the assets and both current and projected market conditions. Additional information regarding pension plan asset activity is provided below.

(2)Funded status – shortfall represents the amount of the projected benefit obligation that the Company has not funded with a third-party trustee. These liabilities of the Company are recorded in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The level of future contributions by the Company will vary and is dependent on a number of factors including investment returns, interest rate fluctuations, plan demographics, funding regulations and the results of the final actuarial valuation.

(3)The deferred actuarial loss as of December 31, 2023 is recorded in AOCI/L and will be reclassified out of AOCI/L and recognized as pension expense over approximately 11 years, subject to certain limitations set forth in FASB ASC Topic 715.

The table below provides a rollforward of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans assets for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$	27,798	$	29,737	$	28,636
Company contributions	5,022		4,450		4,865
Benefit payments	(1,974)		(1,225)		(1,198)
Actual return on plan assets	1,516		(3,072)		1,066

Settlements	—		—		(1,606)
Foreign currency impact	672		(2,092)		(2,026)
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$	33,034	$	27,798	$	29,737

The Company also has a reinsurance asset arrangement with a large international insurance company that is intended to fund benefit payments for one of its plans. The reinsurance asset is not a pension plan asset but is an asset of the Company. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the reinsurance asset was recorded at its cash surrender value of $9.5 million and $9.1 million, respectively, and recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company believes that cash surrender value approximates fair value and is equivalent to a Level 2 input under the FASB’s fair value hierarchy in FASB ASC Topic 820.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480794/715-70-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
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-Subparagraph (r)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480126/715-20-S99-2

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 60
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480266/715-60-50-3

+ Details

Derivatives and Hedging - Derivative Gains And Losses That Have Been Recognized In Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Operations (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	$ (14,226)	$ (2,246)	$ (10,217)
Interest expense (income), net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	$ (20,062)	$ (22,643)	$ (29,061)
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net
Other (income) expense, net
Derivative Instruments, Gain (Loss) [Line Items]
Total expense, net	$ 5,836	$ 20,397	$ 18,844
Derivative, Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities - Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Non-current deferred revenues	$ 33,490	$ 39,115
Long-term taxes payable	114,467	92,812
Benefit plan-related liabilities	157,033	124,378
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	86,550	139,531
Other	23,924	27,628
Total other liabilities	$ 415,464	$ 423,464

Computation of Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of Reconciliation of the Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Share Computations

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data).


	2023		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	882,466	$	807,799	$	793,560
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	79,004		80,178		85,026
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans	676		889		1,151
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	79,680		81,067		86,177
Income per share (1):
Basic	$	11.17	$	10.08	$	9.33
Diluted	$	11.08	$	9.96	$	9.21

(1)Both basic and diluted income per share for 2021 included a tax benefit of approximately $0.63 per share related to intercompany sales of certain intellectual property (see Note 12 — Income Taxes).

Schedule of Antidilutive Securities Excluded from Computation of Earnings Per Share

The table below presents the number of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans that were not included in the computations of diluted income per share in the above table because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. During years with net income, the outstanding awards were anti-dilutive because their exercise prices were greater than the average market price per share of Common Stock during such year.


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in millions) (1)	0.1		0.1		—
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year	$	351.31	$	289.73	$	252.07

(1)The number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents for 2021 was de minimis.

Stockholders' Equity - Narrative (Details) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) vote $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / shares	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2015 USD ($)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Line Items]
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005
Common stock, number of votes per share \| vote	1
Share repurchase program, authorized amount				$ 1,200.0
Stock repurchase program, additional authorized amount	$ 900.0	$ 1,000.0	$ 1,600.0
Stock repurchase program, remaining authorized repurchase amount	987.0
Interest rate swap
Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income [Line Items]
Loss to be reclassified within twelve months	$ 19.1

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

Consolidated Statements of Operations - USD ($) shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 5,906,956	$ 5,475,846	$ 4,733,962
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	1,903,240	1,693,771	1,444,093
Selling, general and administrative	2,701,542	2,480,944	2,155,658
Depreciation	98,645	93,410	102,802
Amortization of intangibles	92,458	98,536	109,603
Acquisition and integration charges	9,587	9,079	6,055
Gain from sale of divested operation	(135,410)	0	0
Total costs and expenses	4,670,062	4,375,740	3,818,211
Operating income	1,236,894	1,100,106	915,751
Interest income	38,526	4,880	1,893
Interest expense	(132,772)	(126,203)	(118,513)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	3,077	0	152,310
Other income, net	1,404	48,412	18,429
Income before income taxes	1,147,129	1,027,195	969,870
Provision for income taxes	264,663	219,396	176,310
Net income	$ 882,466	$ 807,799	$ 793,560
Net income per share:
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 11.17	$ 10.08	$ 9.33
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 11.08	$ 9.96	$ 9.21
Weighted average shares outstanding:
Basic (in shares)	79,004	80,178	85,026
Diluted (in shares)	79,680	81,067	86,177
Research
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 4,887,046	$ 4,604,791	$ 4,101,392
Conferences
Revenues:
Total revenues	505,164	389,273	214,449
Consulting
Revenues:
Total revenues	$ 514,746	$ 481,782	$ 418,121

Employee Benefits - Benefit Plans and Related Amounts Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]
Projected benefit obligation	$ 68,403	$ 55,311	$ 57,973	$ 62,297
Pension plan assets at fair value	(33,034)	(27,798)	(29,737)	$ (28,636)
Funded status – shortfall	35,369	27,513	28,236
Accumulated benefit obligation	61,713	50,335	54,701
Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities — accrued pension obligation	35,369	27,513	28,236
Stockholders’ equity — deferred actuarial loss	$ (5,731)	$ (4,247)	$ (6,672)
Future long-term rate of return on plan assets	3.59%
Weighted average amortization period	11 years

Other Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Other Assets

The Company’s other assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Benefit plan-related assets	$	124,298	$	99,527
Non-current deferred tax assets	144,714		138,318
Other	70,276		59,686
Total other assets	$	339,288	$	297,531

Segment Information - Reconciliation of Segment Gross Contribution to Net Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Total segment gross contribution	$ 1,236,894	$ 1,100,106	$ 915,751
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	1,903,240	1,693,771	1,444,093
Selling, general and administrative	2,701,542	2,480,944	2,155,658
Acquisition and integration charges	9,587	9,079	6,055
Gain from sale of divested operation	(135,410)	0	0
Operating income	1,236,894	1,100,106	915,751
Interest expense and other, net	(92,842)	(72,911)	(98,191)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	3,077	0	152,310
Provision for income taxes	264,663	219,396	176,310
Net income	$ 882,466	807,799	793,560
Maximum
Costs and expenses:
Percent of target bonus charges allocated to segments	100.00%
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Total segment gross contribution	$ 4,035,383	3,815,134	3,329,516
Costs and expenses:
Operating income	4,035,383	3,815,134	3,329,516
Corporate and Reconciling Items
Segment Reporting, Reconciling Item for Operating Profit (Loss) from Segment to Consolidated [Line Items]
Total segment gross contribution	(2,798,489)	(2,715,028)	(2,413,765)
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development	31,667	33,059	39,647
Selling, general and administrative	2,701,542	2,480,944	2,155,658
Depreciation and amortization	191,103	191,946	212,405
Acquisition and integration charges	9,587	9,079	6,055
Gain from sale of divested operation	(135,410)	0	0
Operating income	$ (2,798,489)	$ (2,715,028)	$ (2,413,765)

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income before Income Taxes

Below is a summary of the components of the Company’s income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
U.S.	$	574,458	$	560,193	$	485,472
Non-U.S.	572,671		467,002		484,398
Income before income taxes	$	1,147,129	$	1,027,195	$	969,870

Schedule of Components of Income Tax

The components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes on the above income are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$	171,917	$	122,191	$	117,024
State and local	51,441		48,482		36,266
Foreign	107,421		91,596		64,835
Total current	330,779		262,269		218,125
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(35,457)		(21,337)		(4,640)
State and local	(13,475)		(10,108)		3,156
Foreign	(12,845)		(4,232)		(33,389)
Total deferred	(61,777)		(35,677)		(34,873)
Total current and deferred	269,002		226,592		183,252
Expense relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity	(4,976)		(5,569)		(7,281)
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity	105		66		78
Benefit (expense) relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity	532		(1,693)		261
Total tax expense	$	264,663	$	219,396	$	176,310

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

The components of long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued liabilities	$	85,328	$	72,610
Operating leases	59,160		63,289
Intangible assets	92,612		35,803
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	9,631		—
Loss and credit carryforwards	31,454		37,978
Assets relating to equity compensation	29,128		19,299
Other assets	13,126		16,638
Gross deferred tax assets	320,439		245,617
Valuation allowance	(177,132)		(152,808)
Net deferred tax assets	143,307		92,809
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	—		(1,856)

Prepaid expenses	(69,556)		(69,230)
Other liabilities	(15,587)		(22,936)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(85,143)		(94,022)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	58,164	$	(1,213)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The items comprising the differences between the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate on income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 are summarized in the table below.


	2023		2022		2021
Statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.1		2.4		2.8
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(0.4)		(2.0)		(3.4)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	—		—		(5.6)
Net activity in unrecognized tax benefits	1.3		(1.1)		1.3
Law changes	—		—		1.3
Stock-based compensation expense	(3.1)		(2.0)		(2.0)



Limitation on executive compensation	2.3		1.4		1.7
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.2		1.9		1.7
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.3)
Change in the valuation allowance	(1.2)		0.3		0.4

Other items, net	0.2		(0.1)		(0.7)
Effective tax rate	23.1	%	21.4	%	18.2	%

Schedule of Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Unrecognized Tax Benefits

The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	137,227	$	150,024
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	22,822		10,989

Additions for tax positions of prior years	4,361		12,153
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(14)		(485)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(15,625)		(30,817)
Settlements	(441)		(2,177)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	60		(2,460)
Ending balance	$	148,390	$	137,227

Employee Benefits - Components of Net Periodic Pension Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Service cost	$ 5,363	$ 4,173	$ 4,511
Interest cost	$ 2,173	$ 709	$ 605
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Interest Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net
Expected return on plan assets	$ (1,132)	$ (459)	$ (350)
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Expected Return (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net
Recognition of actuarial loss	$ 171	$ 264	$ 576
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit (Cost) Credit, Immediate Recognition of Actuarial Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net
Recognition of loss due to settlements	$ 0	$ 0	$ 286
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit) Excluding Service Cost, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net
Other	$ (638)	$ 501	$ 0
Defined Benefit Plan, Net Periodic Benefit Cost (Credit), Other Cost (Credit), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income, net	Other income, net	Other income, net
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$ 5,937	$ 5,188	$ 5,628

Computation of Earnings Per Share - Calculations Of Basic And Diluted Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Thousands, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$ 882,466	$ 807,799	$ 793,560
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share (in shares)	79,004	80,178	85,026
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	676	889	1,151
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share (in shares)	79,680	81,067	86,177
Earnings per share
Basic (in dollars per share)	$ 11.17	$ 10.08	$ 9.33
Diluted (in dollars per share)	$ 11.08	$ 9.96	9.21
Sale of intellectual property, income tax benefit (in dollars per share)			$ 0.63

Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Property, Equipment and Leasehold Improvements, Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 616,892	$ 568,911
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization	(354,174)	(304,330)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	262,718	264,581
Computer equipment and software
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 320,136	258,843
Computer equipment and software \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years
Computer equipment and software \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	7 years
Furniture and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 83,551	89,559
Furniture and equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	3 years
Furniture and equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	8 years
Leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, gross	$ 213,205	$ 220,509
Leasehold improvements \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	2 years
Leasehold improvements \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful Life	15 years

Stock-Based Compensation - Stock-based Compensation Expense by Award Type and Expense Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions			12 Months Ended
	Feb. 03, 2021	Feb. 05, 2020	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 129.8	$ 90.6	$ 98.6
Cost of services and product development
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			53.3	32.7	35.0
Selling, general and administrative
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			76.5	57.9	63.6
Stock appreciation rights
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			10.5	8.8	8.2
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			118.2	81.0	89.6
Common stock equivalents
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			1.1	0.8	0.8
Performance-based RSUs \| Executives
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense					6.5
Target performance percentage	95.00%	50.00%
Retirement Eligible Employees Equity Award
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Stock-based compensation expense			$ 55.5	$ 32.2	$ 41.2

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Operating activities:
Net income	$ 882,466	$ 807,799	$ 793,560
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	191,103	191,946	212,405
Stock-based compensation expense	129,841	90,566	98,570
Deferred taxes	(64,173)	(30,702)	(41,567)
Gain from sale of divested operation	(135,410)	0	0
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	20,368	53,970	49,537
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets	70,207	70,086	75,125
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees	4,689	4,574	4,162
Gain on de-designated swaps	(3,925)	(52,308)	(20,204)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions and divestitures:
Fees receivable, net	(24,662)	(240,696)	(145,346)
Deferred commissions	(13,716)	5,574	(124,874)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	(7,893)	(3,039)	(15,913)
Other assets	(34,528)	8,440	(18,287)
Deferred revenues	169,917	297,124	324,059
Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	(28,547)	(101,912)	121,243
Cash provided by operating activities	1,155,737	1,101,422	1,312,470
Investing activities:
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements	(103,124)	(108,050)	(59,834)
Acquisitions - cash paid (net of cash acquired)	(3,800)	(9,508)	(22,939)
Proceeds from sale of divested operation	161,081	0	0
Other	0	0	2,306
Cash provided by (used in) investing activities	54,157	(117,558)	(80,467)
Financing activities:
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	25,107	22,231	18,173
Proceeds from borrowings	0	0	600,000
Payments for deferred financing fees	0	0	(7,320)
Payments on revolving credit facility	0	0	(5,000)
Payments on borrowings	(7,800)	(5,931)	(107,915)
Purchases of treasury stock	(606,188)	(1,043,742)	(1,655,547)
Cash used in financing activities	(588,881)	(1,027,442)	(1,157,609)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	621,013	(43,578)	74,394
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(13)	(18,425)	(26,375)
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of year	698,599	760,602	712,583
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of year	1,319,599	698,599	760,602
Cash paid during the year for:
Interest	119,038	112,825	101,885
Income taxes, net of refunds received	$ 306,682	$ 174,802	$ 253,379

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities - Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Payables and Accruals [Abstract]
Accounts payable	$ 63,139	$ 83,225
Payroll and employee benefits payable	243,338	221,242
Bonus payable	279,482	254,675
Commissions payable	165,898	168,042
Income tax payable	72,181	76,383
VAT payable	60,709	43,187
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	98,493	99,717
Other accrued liabilities	144,364	168,727
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 1,127,604	$ 1,115,198
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Stock-Based Compensation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company currently awards stock-settled stock appreciation rights, service-based and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 5.9 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, (the “Common Stock”) available for stock-based compensation awards under its Long-Term Incentive Plan as amended and restated in June 2023 (the “Plan”). Currently, the Company issues treasury shares upon the exercise, release or settlement of stock-based compensation awards.

Determining the appropriate fair value model and calculating the fair value of stock-based compensation awards requires the use of certain subjective assumptions, including the expected life of a stock-based compensation award and Common Stock price volatility. In addition, determining the appropriate periodic stock-based compensation expense requires management to estimate the likelihood of the achievement of certain performance targets. The assumptions used in calculating the fair values of stock-based compensation awards and the related periodic expense represent management’s best estimates, which involve inherent uncertainties and the application of judgment. As a result, if circumstances change and the Company deems it necessary in the future to modify the assumptions it made or to use different assumptions, or if the quantity and nature of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards changes, then the amount of expense may need to be adjusted and future stock-based compensation expense could be materially different from what has been recorded in the current year.

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the years ended December 31 (in millions).


Award type	2023		2022		2021
Stock appreciation rights	$	10.5	$	8.8	$	8.2
Restricted stock units (1)	118.2		81.0		89.6
Common stock equivalents	1.1		0.8		0.8
Total (2) (3)	$	129.8	$	90.6	$	98.6


Expense category line item	2023		2022		2021
Cost of services and product development	$	53.3	$	32.7	$	35.0
Selling, general and administrative	76.5		57.9		63.6
Total (1) (2) (3)	$	129.8	$	90.6	$	98.6

(1)On February 5, 2020, prior to the COVID-19 related shutdown in the U.S., the Compensation Committee (“Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company established performance measures for the performance-based restricted stock units (the “PSUs”) awarded to the Company’s executive officers in 2020 under the Plan. Based on preliminary corporate performance results for the 2020 performance measures, the 2020 PSUs would have been earned at 50% of target. However, on February 3, 2021, the Committee determined to use its discretion under the Plan to approve a payout at 95% of target. In deciding to exercise this discretion to adjust the performance-based RSU payout, the Committee considered the Company’s strong overall performance in 2020 despite the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the modification, the Company recognized $6.5 million of incremental compensation cost during the year ended December 31, 2021.

(2)The increase in stock-based compensation expense during 2023 was primarily due to changes in retirement-eligible provisions for certain stock-based compensation awards.

(3)Includes charges of $55.5 million, $32.2 million and $41.2 million during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had $142.7 million of total unrecognized stock-based compensation cost, which is expected to be expensed over the remaining weighted average service period of approximately 1.6 years.

Stock-Based Compensation Awards

The disclosures presented below provide information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation awards, all of which have been classified as equity awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 505.

Stock Appreciation Rights

Stock-settled stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) permit the holder to participate in the appreciation of the value of the Common Stock. After the applicable vesting criteria have been satisfied, SARs are settled in shares of Common Stock upon exercise by the employee. SARs vest ratably over a four-year service period and expire seven years from the date of grant. The fair value of a SARs award is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over four years. SARs have only been awarded to the Company’s executive officers.

When SARs are exercised, the number of shares of Common Stock issued is calculated as follows: (1) the total proceeds from the exercise of the SARs award (calculated as the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on the date of exercise less the exercise price of the SARs award, multiplied by the number of SARs exercised) is divided by (2) the closing price of the Common Stock on the date of exercise. Upon exercise, the Company withholds a portion of the shares of the Common Stock to satisfy statutory tax withholding requirements. SARs recipients do not have any stockholder rights until the shares of Common Stock are issued in respect of the award, which is subject to the prior satisfaction of the vesting and other criteria relating to such grants.

The table below summarizes changes in SARs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023.


	Units of SARs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	0.8	$	168.16	$	42.99	3.89
Granted	0.1	348.47		126.04		5.78

Exercised	(0.3)	129.05		29.60		n/a
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (1) (2)	0.6	$	216.40	$	62.85	3.92
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023 (2)	0.3	$	170.63	$	42.88	3.25

n/a = not applicable

(1)As of December 31, 2023, 0.3 million of the total SARs outstanding were unvested. The Company expects that substantially all of those unvested awards will vest in future periods.

(2)As of December 31, 2023, the total SARs outstanding had an intrinsic value of $139.9 million. On such date, SARs vested and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $81.3 million.

The fair value of a SARs award is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31:


	2023		2022		2021
Expected dividend yield (1)	—	%	—	%	—	%
Expected stock price volatility (2)	35	%	33	%	31	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.9	%	1.8	%	0.4	%
Expected life in years (4)	4.71		4.59		4.74

(1)The expected dividend yield assumption was based on both the Company’s historical and anticipated dividend payouts. Historically, the Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock.

(2)The determination of expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Common Stock prices and implied volatility from publicly traded options in the Common Stock.

(3)The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life of the award.

(4)The expected life represents the Company’s estimate of the weighted average period of time the SARs are expected to be outstanding (that is, the period between the service inception date and the expected exercise date).

Restricted Stock Units

Restricted stock units (“RSUs”) give the awardee the right to receive shares of Common Stock when the vesting conditions are met and certain restrictions lapse. Each RSU that vests entitles the awardee to one share of Common Stock. RSU awardees do not have any of the rights of a Gartner stockholder, including voting rights and the right to receive dividends and distributions, until the shares are released. The fair value of an RSU award is determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. Service-based RSUs vest ratably over four years and are expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Performance-based RSUs are subject to the satisfaction of both performance and service conditions, vest ratably over four years and are expensed on an accelerated basis over the vesting period.

The table below summarizes the changes in RSUs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023.


	Units of RSUs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	1.0	$	211.25
Granted (1)	0.5	348.02
Vested and released	(0.5)	193.30

Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (2) (3)	1.0	$	275.81

(1)The 0.5 million of RSUs granted during 2023 consisted of 0.1 million of performance-based RSUs awarded to executives and 0.4 million of service-based RSUs awarded to non-executive employees and non-management board members. The performance-based awards include RSUs in final adjustments of 2022 grants and approximately 0.1 million of RSUs representing the target amount of the grant for 2023 that is tied to an increase in Gartner’s contract value for such year. The number of performance-based RSUs for 2023 that holders could receive ranges from 0% to 200% of the target amount based on the extent to which the corresponding performance goals have been achieved and subject to certain other conditions. Any adjustments in the number of performance-based RSUs under the 2023 grant will be made in 2024.

(2)The Company expects that substantially all of the RSUs outstanding will vest in future periods.

(3)As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining contractual term of the RSUs outstanding was approximately 1.1 years.

Common Stock Equivalents

Common stock equivalents (“CSEs”) are convertible into Common Stock. Each CSE entitles the holder to one share of Common Stock. Members of the Company’s Board of Directors receive their directors’ fees in CSEs unless they opt to receive up to 50% of those fees in cash. Generally, CSEs have no defined term and are converted into shares of Common Stock when service as a director terminates unless the director has elected an accelerated release. The fair value of a CSE award is

determined on the date of grant based on the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. CSEs vest immediately and, as a result, they are recorded as expense on the date of grant.

The table below summarizes the changes in CSEs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023.


	Units of CSEs	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	115,279	$	33.35
Granted	3,196	359.23
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant and termination	(12,125)	100.86
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	106,350	$	35.45

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has an employee stock purchase plan (the “ESP Plan”) wherein eligible employees are permitted to purchase shares of Common Stock through payroll deductions, which may not exceed 10% of an employee’s compensation, or $23,750 in any calendar year, at a price equal to 95% of the closing price of the Common Stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange at the end of each offering period. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had 3.2 million shares available for purchase under the ESP Plan. The ESP Plan is considered non-compensatory under FASB ASC Topic 718 and, as a result, the Company does not record stock-based compensation expense for employee share purchases. The Company received $25.1 million, $22.2 million and $18.2 million in cash from employee share purchases under the ESP Plan during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parentheticals) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Fees receivable, allowance	$ 9,000	$ 9,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.01	$ 0.01
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	5,000,000	5,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	0	0
Preferred stock, shares outstanding (in shares)	0	0
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	250,000,000	250,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	163,602,067	163,602,067
Treasury Stock, Common, Shares (in shares)	85,264,526	84,428,513

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Lease Costs

The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands).


	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2023			2022			2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	112,948		$	117,750		$	130,383
Variable lease cost (2)	22,254			15,209			17,940
Sublease income	(53,377)			(46,698)			(42,801)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	81,825		$	86,261		$	105,522

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	145,226		$	137,399		$	140,571
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	51,968		$	46,159		$	42,374
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	12,715		$	20,597		$	33,113

As of December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.3			7.9			8.7
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.6		%	6.5		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $43.1 million, $41.9 million and $42.3 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2023, 2022, or 2021.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $20.4 million, $54.0 million, and $49.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively, as discussed below.

Operating Lease Maturity Schedule

As of December 31, 2023, the (i) maturities of operating lease liabilities under non-cancelable arrangements and (ii) estimated future sublease cash receipts from non-cancelable arrangements were as follows (in thousands):


	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2024	$	135,707	$	47,311
2025	117,552		44,442
2026	113,494		44,243
2027	109,493		45,120
2028	65,257		8,139
Thereafter	237,439		18,392
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	778,942		$	207,647
Imputed interest	(167,043)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	611,899

(1)Approximately 79% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

Supplemental Balance Sheet Information

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).


	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	98,493	$	99,717
Operating lease liabilities	513,406		597,267
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	611,899	$	696,984

Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Debt

The Company’s total outstanding borrowings are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	274,400	$	282,200
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (1), (2)	—		—
Senior Notes due 2028 (“2028 Notes”) (3)	800,000		800,000
Senior Notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) (4)	600,000		600,000
Senior Notes due 2030 (“2030 Notes”) (5)	800,000		800,000
Other (6)	5,000		5,000
Principal amount outstanding (7)	2,479,400		2,487,200
Less: deferred financing fees (8)	(21,104)		(25,793)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	2,458,296	$	2,461,407

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of December 31, 2023 on the 2020 Credit Agreement Term loan facility and the Revolving credit facility was 6.73%, which consisted of Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) of 5.375% plus a margin of 1.350%. However, the Company has an interest rate swap contracts that effectively converts the floating SOFR on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of December 31, 2023.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $600.0 million principal amount of 2029 Notes outstanding. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.625% and mature on June 15, 2029.

(5)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(6)Consists of a State of Connecticut economic development loan originated in 2019 with a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75%. This loan may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.

(7)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for 2023, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 5.00%.

(8)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense over the term of the related debt obligation.

2029 Notes

On June 18, 2021, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.625% Senior Notes due 2029. The 2029 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 18, 2021 (the “2029 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2029 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.625% per annum. Interest on the 2029 Notes is payable on June 15 and December 15 of each year, beginning on December 15, 2021. The 2029 Notes will mature on June 15, 2029. The Company may redeem some or all of the 2029 Notes at any time on or after June 15, 2024 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2029 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to June 15, 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2029 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2029 Note Indenture.

2030 Notes

On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030. The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “2030 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The 2030 Notes will mature on October 1, 2030.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes at any time on or after October 1, 2025 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to October 1, 2025, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2030 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture.

2028 Notes

On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028. The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “2028 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.

The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The 2028 Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.

The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2023 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to July 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2028 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture.

2020 Credit Agreement

The Company has a credit facility that currently provides for a $400.0 million Term loan facility and a $1.0 billion Revolving credit facility (the “2020 Credit Agreement”). The 2020 Credit Agreement contains certain customary restrictive loan covenants, including, among others, financial covenants that apply a maximum consolidated leverage ratio and a minimum consolidated interest expense coverage ratio. The Company was in compliance with all financial covenants as of December 31, 2023.

The Term loan is being repaid in consecutive quarterly installments that commenced on December 31, 2020, plus a final payment to be made on September 28, 2025. The Company used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the 2029 Notes to repay $100.0 million of the outstanding borrowings under the term loan facility in June 2021. The Revolving credit facility may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed through September 28, 2025, at which all then-outstanding amounts must be repaid.

In May 2023, the Company entered into an amendment of the 2020 Credit Agreement that replaced the interest rate benchmark from LIBOR to Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”). After the amendment, interest is accrued on outstanding balances under the credit facility and payable monthly at a rate of the one month Term SOFR plus 10 basis points and the applicable margin. Prior to the amendment, interest was accrued at a rate of the one month LIBOR plus the applicable margin.

Interest Rate Swaps

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had one fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contract with a total notional value of $350.0 million that matures in 2025. In May 2023, in conjunction with the amendment of the 2020 credit agreement, the Company entered into an amendment of its interest rate swap contract. Under the amended agreement, the Company pays a base fixed rate of 2.98% and in return receives a floating Term SOFR base rate on 30-day notional borrowings. Prior to the amendment, the Company paid a base fixed rate of 3.04% and in return received a floating Eurodollar base rate on 30-day notional borrowings.

Effective June 30, 2020, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps and discontinued hedge accounting. Accordingly, subsequent changes to the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income, net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. As of December 31, 2023, $32.3 million is remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net. See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of Company’s interest rate swaps.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for information about short-term and long-term debt arrangements, which includes amounts of borrowings under each line of credit, note payable, commercial paper issue, bonds indenture, debenture issue, own-share lending arrangements and any other contractual agreement to repay funds, and about the underlying arrangements, rationale for a classification as long-term, including repayment terms, interest rates, collateral provided, restrictions on use of assets and activities, whether or not in compliance with debt covenants, and other matters important to users of the financial statements, such as the effects of refinancing and noncompliance with debt covenants.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(c))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef
-Topic 470
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//470/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (g)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1B
-Subparagraph (i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1B

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1C
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1C

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1E
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1E

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 470
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1I
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147481139/470-20-50-1I

+ Details

Revenue and Related Matters

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Revenue and Related Matters

Our Business and Revenues

Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

Research

Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products, representing approximately 92% of the segment’s revenue. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term (i.e., as services are provided over the contract period). Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized at a point in time (i.e., when the lead is provided to the vendor).

The Company enters into subscription contracts for research products that generally are for twelve-month periods or longer. Approximately 80% to 85% of the Company’s annual and multi-year Research subscription contracts provide for billing of the first full service period upon signing. In subsequent years, multi-year subscription contracts are normally billed prior to the contract’s anniversary date. Other Research subscription contracts are usually invoiced in advance, commencing with the contract signing, on (i) a quarterly, monthly or other recurring basis or (ii) in accordance with a customized invoicing schedule. Research contracts are generally non-cancelable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses, which have not historically resulted in material cancellations. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Conferences

Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

The Company earns revenues from both the attendees and exhibitors at Gartner conferences and meetings. Attendees are generally invoiced for the full attendance fee upon their completion of an online registration form or their signing of a contract, while exhibitors typically make several individual payments commencing with the signing of a contract. Almost all of the invoiced amounts are collected in advance of the related activity, resulting in the recording of deferred revenue. Both the attendee and exhibitor revenues are recognized as the related performance obligations are satisfied (i.e., when the related conference is held).

The Company defers certain costs directly related to specific conferences and meetings and expenses those costs in the period during which the related activity occurs. The Company’s policy is to defer only those costs that are incremental and directly attributable to a specific activity, primarily prepaid site and production services costs. Other costs of organizing and producing conference activities, primarily Company personnel and non-conference specific expenses, are expensed in the period incurred.

Consulting

Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

Consulting revenues, primarily derived from custom consulting and measurement services, are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee engagements are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations, while revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. In both of these circumstances, performance obligations are satisfied and control of the services are passed to customers over time (i.e., during the duration of the contract or consulting engagement). On a contract-by-contract basis, the Company typically uses actual labor hours incurred compared to total expected labor hours to measure the Company’s performance in respect of fixed fee engagements. If labor and other costs on an individual contract are expected to exceed the total contract value or the contract’s funded ceiling amount, the Company reflects an adjustment to the contract’s overall profitability in the period determined. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized at the point in time when all of the conditions related to their payment have been satisfied.

Consulting customers are invoiced based on the specific terms and conditions in their underlying contracts. They are typically invoiced after the Company has satisfied some or all of the related performance obligations and the related revenue has been recognized. The Company records fees receivable for amounts that are billed or billable. Contract assets are also recorded representing amounts for which the Company has recognized revenue but lacks the unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date due to the required continued performance under the relevant contract, progress billing milestones or other billing-related restrictions.

Disaggregated Revenue

Disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the years indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2023


Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

United States and Canada	$	3,275,866	$	317,531	$	317,645	$	3,911,042
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,060,959		140,640		130,471		1,332,070
Other International	550,221		46,993		66,630		663,844
Total revenues	$	4,887,046	$	505,164	$	514,746	$	5,906,956

Year Ended December 31, 2022


Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

United States and Canada	$	3,056,096	$	263,165	$	300,121	$	3,619,382
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,017,860		88,979		127,820		1,234,659
Other International	530,835		37,129		53,841		621,805
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021


Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

United States and Canada	$	2,655,534	$	146,707	$	246,661	$	3,048,902
Europe, Middle East and Africa	958,339		47,883		124,757		1,130,979
Other International	487,519		19,859		46,703		554,081
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through direct sales to clients by domestic and international sales forces and a network of independent international sales agents. Most of the Company’s products and services are provided on an integrated worldwide basis and, because of this integrated delivery approach, it is not practical to precisely separate Company’s revenue by geographic location. Accordingly, revenue information presented in the above tables is based on internal allocations, which involve certain management estimates and judgments.

By Timing of Revenue Recognition

Year Ended December 31, 2023


Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

Transferred over time (1)	$	4,506,621	$	—	$	400,171	$	4,906,792
Transferred at a point in time (2)	380,425		505,164		114,575		1,000,164
Total revenues	$	4,887,046	$	505,164	$	514,746	$	5,906,956

Year Ended December 31, 2022


Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

Transferred over time (1)	$	4,182,747	$	—	$	378,062	$	4,560,809
Transferred at a point in time (2)	422,044		389,273		103,720		915,037
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021


Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

Transferred over time (1)	$	3,740,694	$	—	$	334,945	$	4,075,639
Transferred at a point in time (2)	360,698		214,449		83,176		658,323
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Determining a measure of progress for performance obligations that are satisfied over time and when control transfers for performance obligations that are satisfied at a point in time requires management to make judgments that affect the timing of revenue recognition. A key factor in this determination is when the customer can direct the use of, and can obtain substantially all of the benefits from, the deliverable.

For performance obligations recognized in accordance with a time-elapsed output method, the Company’s efforts are expended consistently throughout the contractual period and the Company transfers control evenly by providing stand-ready services. For performance obligations satisfied under Consulting fixed fee or time and materials engagements, the Company believes that labor hours are the best measure of depicting the Company’s progress because labor output corresponds directly to the value of the Company’s performance to date as control is transferred.

For customer contracts that are greater than one year in duration, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of December 31, 2023 was approximately $5.6 billion. The Company expects to recognize $3.3 billion, $1.8 billion and $0.5 billion of this revenue (most of which pertains to Research) during the year ending December 31, 2024, the year ending December 31, 2025 and thereafter, respectively. The Company applies a practical expedient allowed in ASC 606 and, accordingly, it does not disclose such performance obligation information for customer contracts that have original durations of one year or less. The Company’s performance obligations for contracts meeting this ASC 606 disclosure exclusion primarily include: (i) stand-ready services under Research subscription contracts; (ii) holding conferences and meetings where attendees and exhibitors can participate; and (iii) providing customized Consulting solutions for clients under fixed fee or time and materials engagements. The remaining duration of these performance obligations is generally less than one year, which aligns with the period that the parties have enforceable rights and obligations under the affected contracts.

Customer Contract Assets and Liabilities

The payment terms and conditions in the Company’s customer contracts vary. In some cases, customers prepay and, in other cases, after the Company conducts a credit evaluation, payment may be due in arrears. Because the timing of the Company’s service delivery typically differs from the timing of customer payments, the Company recognizes either a contract asset (the Company performs either fully or partially under the contract but a contingency remains) or a contract liability (upfront customer payments precede the Company’s performance, resulting in deferred revenue). Amounts recorded as contract assets are reclassified to fees receivable when all of the outstanding conditions have been resolved and the Company’s right to payment becomes unconditional. Contracts with payments due in arrears are also recognized as fees receivable. As contractual performance obligations are satisfied, the Company correspondingly relieves its contract liabilities and records the associated revenue.

The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	1,610,228	$	1,565,786
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	28,791	$	21,183
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	2,640,515	$	2,443,762
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	33,490		39,115
Total contract liabilities	$	2,674,005	$	2,482,877

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from the Company’s customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which the Company does not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.

(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of the Company’s performance obligation(s).

The Company recognized revenue of $2.0 billion, $1.9 billion and $1.6 billion during 2023, 2022 and 2021 respectively, which was attributable to deferred revenues that were recorded at the beginning of each such year. Those amounts primarily consisted of (i) Research revenues and (ii) Conferences revenues pertaining to conferences and meetings that occurred during the reporting periods. During 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company did not record any material impairments related to its contract assets.

Costs of Obtaining and Fulfilling a Customer Contract

When the Company concludes that a liability should be recognized for the costs of obtaining a customer contract and determines how such liability should be measured, certain commissions are capitalized as a recoverable direct incremental cost of obtaining the underlying contract. No other amounts are capitalized as a cost of obtaining or fulfilling a customer contract because no expenditures have been identified that meet the requisite capitalization criteria. For Research and Consulting, the Company amortizes deferred commissions on a systematic basis that aligns with the transfer to customers of the services to which the commissions relate. For Conferences, deferred commissions are expensed during the period when the related conference or meeting occurs.

During 2023, 2022 and 2021, deferred commission amortization expense was $550.5 million, $562.1 million and $472.5 million, respectively, and was included in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company classifies Deferred commissions as a current asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at both December 31, 2023 and 2022 because those costs were, or will be, amortized over the twelve months following the respective balance sheet dates.

- Definition

The entire disclosure of revenue from contract with customer to transfer good or service and to transfer nonfinancial asset. Includes, but is not limited to, disaggregation of revenue, credit loss recognized from contract with customer, judgment and change in judgment related to contract with customer, and asset recognized from cost incurred to obtain or fulfill contract with customer. Excludes insurance and lease contracts.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 10
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-10

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-15

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-12

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 606
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Subparagraph (b)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479806/606-10-50-13

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Topic 606
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//606/tableOfContent

+ Details

Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Schedule of Cash and Cash Equivalents

Below is a table presenting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash amounts from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the total cash amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022		2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,318,999	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	600		—		4,109		—
Other assets	—		600		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	1,319,599	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583

(1)Restricted cash consists of escrow accounts established in connection with certain of the Company’s business acquisitions. Generally, such cash is restricted to use due to provisions contained in the underlying acquisition agreement. The Company will disburse the restricted cash to the sellers of the businesses upon satisfaction of any contingencies described in such agreements (e.g., potential indemnification claims, etc.).

Restrictions on Cash and Cash Equivalents


	December 31,
	2023		2022		2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,318,999	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	600		—		4,109		—
Other assets	—		600		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	1,319,599	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583

Schedule of Property, Plant and Equipment

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net are presented in the table below (in thousands).


	Useful Life	December 31,
Category	(Years)	2023		2022
Computer equipment and software	2 - 7	$	320,136	$	258,843
Furniture and equipment	3 - 8	83,551		89,559
Leasehold improvements	2 - 15	213,205		220,509
Total cost		616,892		568,911
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization		(354,174)		(304,330)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		$	262,718	$	264,581

Income Taxes - Summary of Components of Income Before Income Taxes (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income (Loss) from Continuing Operations before Equity Method Investments, Income Taxes, Extraordinary Items, Noncontrolling Interest [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 574,458	$ 560,193	$ 485,472
Non-U.S.	572,671	467,002	484,398
Income before income taxes	$ 1,147,129	$ 1,027,195	$ 969,870

Contingencies	12 Months Ended
Contingencies	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Contingencies	Contingencies Legal Matters. The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company records a provision for pending litigation in its consolidated financial statements when it is determined that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on its financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period. Indemnifications. The Company has various agreements that may obligate it to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to matters such as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not been material. As of December 31, 2023, the Company did not have any material payment obligations under any such indemnification agreements.

Fair Value Disclosures - Assets And Liabilities Measured At Fair Value On Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	$ 123,550	$ 103,917
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	123,174	99,252
Level 1 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	10,290	6,065
Level 1 \| Deferred compensation plan assets \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	10,290	6,065
Level 2 \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	113,260	97,852
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	123,174	99,252
Level 2 \| Foreign currency forward contracts \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	1,646	3,236
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	1,466	2,611
Level 2 \| Interest rate swap contracts
Assets:
Total Assets	7,059	10,298
Level 2 \| Deferred compensation plan assets \| Fair Value, Recurring
Assets:
Total Assets	104,555	84,318
Level 2 \| Deferred compensation plan liabilities \| Fair Value, Recurring
Liabilities:
Total Liabilities	$ 121,708	$ 96,641

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Estimated Future Amortization Expense By Year From Amortizable Intangibles (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Amortization of intangibles	$ 92,458	$ 98,536	$ 109,603
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets, Estimated Future Amortization Expense
2024	90,138
2025	81,471
2026	78,796
2027	78,188
2028	76,716
2029 and thereafter	96,649
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 501,958	$ 584,714

Employee Benefits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Defined Benefit Pension Expense

The table below presents the components of the Company’s defined benefit pension plan expense for the years ended December 31 (in thousands). The components of pension expense, other than service cost, are recorded in Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.


	2023		2022		2021
Service cost	$	5,363	$	4,173	$	4,511
Interest cost	2,173		709		605
Expected return on plan assets	(1,132)		(459)		(350)
Recognition of actuarial loss	171		264		576
Recognition of loss due to settlements	—		—		286
Other	(638)		501		—
Total defined benefit pension plan expense	$	5,937	$	5,188	$	5,628

Schedule of Assumptions Used in the Computation of Pension Expense

The table below presents the key assumptions used in the computation of pension expense for the years ended December 31.


	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average discount rate (1)	3.67	%	1.24	%	0.94	%
Expected return on plan assets	3.90	%	1.58	%	1.19	%
Average compensation increase	3.37	%	2.57	%	2.58	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60	%	1.20	%	0.80	%

Schedule of Changes in the Projected Benefit Obligation

The table below provides information regarding changes in the projected benefit obligation of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	55,311	$	57,973	$	62,297
Service cost	5,363		4,173		4,511
Interest cost	2,173		709		605
Actuarial loss (gain) due to assumption changes and plan experience (1)	2,527		(7,318)		(2,230)

Benefits payments (2)	(1,974)		(1,225)		(1,198)
Plan amendments	—		—		269
Settlements	—		—		(1,606)
Acquisition/Business Combination/Divestiture	(268)		—		—
Other	4,628		5,685		—
Foreign currency impact	643		(4,686)		(4,675)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year (3)	$	68,403	$	55,311	$	57,973

The table below presents the key assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligations at December 31.


	2023		2022		2021
Weighted average discount rate (4)	3.48	%	3.67	%	1.24	%
Average compensation increase	3.29	%	3.37	%	2.57	%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.10	%	3.60	%	1.20	%

(1)The actuarial (gain) losses were primarily due to changes in the weighted average discount rate assumption.

(3)Measured as of December 31.

Schedule of Funded Status of the Plans and Related Amounts Recorded in Consolidated Balance Sheet


Funded status of the plans	2023		2022		2021
Projected benefit obligation	$	68,403	$	55,311	$	57,973
Pension plan assets at fair value (1)	(33,034)		(27,798)		(29,737)
Funded status – shortfall (2)	$	35,369	$	27,513	$	28,236

Accumulated benefit obligation	$	61,713	$	50,335	$	54,701

Amounts recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheets for the plans
Other liabilities – accrued pension obligation (2)	$	35,369	$	27,513	$	28,236
Stockholders’ equity – deferred actuarial loss (3)	$	(5,731)	$	(4,247)	$	(6,672)

Schedule of Defined Benefit Pension Plans Assets

The table below provides a rollforward of the Company’s defined benefit pension plans assets for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$	27,798	$	29,737	$	28,636
Company contributions	5,022		4,450		4,865
Benefit payments	(1,974)		(1,225)		(1,198)
Actual return on plan assets	1,516		(3,072)		1,066

Settlements	—		—		(1,606)
Foreign currency impact	672		(2,092)		(2,026)
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$	33,034	$	27,798	$	29,737

Revenue and Related Matters (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue by Reportable Segment

Disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the years indicated (in thousands).

By Primary Geographic Market (1)

Year Ended December 31, 2023


Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

United States and Canada	$	3,275,866	$	317,531	$	317,645	$	3,911,042
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,060,959		140,640		130,471		1,332,070
Other International	550,221		46,993		66,630		663,844
Total revenues	$	4,887,046	$	505,164	$	514,746	$	5,906,956

Year Ended December 31, 2022


Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

United States and Canada	$	3,056,096	$	263,165	$	300,121	$	3,619,382
Europe, Middle East and Africa	1,017,860		88,979		127,820		1,234,659
Other International	530,835		37,129		53,841		621,805
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021


Primary Geographic Market	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

United States and Canada	$	2,655,534	$	146,707	$	246,661	$	3,048,902
Europe, Middle East and Africa	958,339		47,883		124,757		1,130,979
Other International	487,519		19,859		46,703		554,081
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.

Schedule of Disaggregation of Revenue

Year Ended December 31, 2023


Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

Transferred over time (1)	$	4,506,621	$	—	$	400,171	$	4,906,792
Transferred at a point in time (2)	380,425		505,164		114,575		1,000,164
Total revenues	$	4,887,046	$	505,164	$	514,746	$	5,906,956

Year Ended December 31, 2022


Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

Transferred over time (1)	$	4,182,747	$	—	$	378,062	$	4,560,809
Transferred at a point in time (2)	422,044		389,273		103,720		915,037
Total revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846

Year Ended December 31, 2021


Timing of Revenue Recognition	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total

Transferred over time (1)	$	3,740,694	$	—	$	334,945	$	4,075,639
Transferred at a point in time (2)	360,698		214,449		83,176		658,323
Total revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962

(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.

Schedule for Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability

The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross (1)	$	1,610,228	$	1,565,786
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2)	$	28,791	$	21,183
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3)	$	2,640,515	$	2,443,762
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3)	33,490		39,115
Total contract liabilities	$	2,674,005	$	2,482,877

(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right of payment from the Company’s customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.

Employee Benefits - Rollforward of Defined Benefit Pension Plans Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Fair Value of Plan Assets [Roll Forward]
Pension plan assets at the beginning of the year	$ 27,798	$ 29,737	$ 28,636
Company contributions	5,022	4,450	4,865
Benefit payments	(1,974)	(1,225)	(1,198)
Actual return on plan assets	1,516	(3,072)	1,066
Settlements	0	0	(1,606)
Foreign currency impact	672	(2,092)	(2,026)
Pension plan assets at the end of the year	$ 33,034	$ 27,798	$ 29,737

- Definition

Amount of asset segregated and restricted to provide benefit under defined benefit plan. Asset includes, but is not limited to, stock, bond, other investment, earning from investment, and contribution by employer and employee.

+ References + Details

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Carrying Amounts of Amortizable Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	$ 1,082,177	$ 1,168,010
Additions due to an acquisition	990
Reclassified as held-for-sale		(16,000)
Reclassified as held-for-sale		(49,487)
Intangible assets fully amortized	(1,262)
Foreign currency translation impact	16,678	(36,346)
Gross cost, ending balance	1,098,583	1,082,177
Accumulated amortization	(596,625)	(497,463)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	501,958	584,714
Customer Relationships
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	1,060,541	1,096,358
Additions due to an acquisition	990
Reclassified as held-for-sale		0
Intangible assets fully amortized	(987)
Foreign currency translation impact	16,639	(35,817)
Gross cost, ending balance	1,077,183	1,060,541
Accumulated amortization	(580,937)	(486,260)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 496,246	574,281
Customer Relationships \| Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	6 years
Customer Relationships \| Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	13 years
Technology-related
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	$ 11,200	61,216
Additions due to an acquisition	0
Reclassified as held-for-sale		(49,487)
Intangible assets fully amortized	(39)
Foreign currency translation impact	39	(529)
Gross cost, ending balance	11,200	11,200
Accumulated amortization	(9,333)	(5,600)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 1,867	5,600
Technology-related \| Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	3 years
Technology-related \| Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	7 years
Other
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Gross cost, beginning balance	$ 10,436	10,436
Additions due to an acquisition	0
Reclassified as held-for-sale		0
Intangible assets fully amortized	(236)
Foreign currency translation impact	0	0
Gross cost, ending balance	10,200	10,436
Accumulated amortization	(6,355)	(5,603)
Finite-lived intangible assets, net	$ 3,845	$ 4,833
Other \| Minimum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	4 years
Other \| Maximum
Finite-lived Intangible Assets [Roll Forward]
Remaining amortization period	11 years

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

The Company maintains an allowance for bad debt. The table below summarizes the activity in the Company’s allowance for losses for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	Balance at Beginning of Year		Additions Charged to Expense		Deductions from the Reserve		Balance at End of Year
2023	$	9,000	$	7,200	$	(7,200)	$	9,000
2022	$	6,500	$	7,800	$	(5,300)	$	9,000
2021	$	10,000	$	2,800	$	(6,300)	$	6,500

Income Taxes - Components of Income Tax Expenses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$ 171,917	$ 122,191	$ 117,024
State and local	51,441	48,482	36,266
Foreign	107,421	91,596	64,835
Total current	330,779	262,269	218,125
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(35,457)	(21,337)	(4,640)
State and local	(13,475)	(10,108)	3,156
Foreign	(12,845)	(4,232)	(33,389)
Total deferred	(61,777)	(35,677)	(34,873)
Total current and deferred	269,002	226,592	183,252
Total tax expense	264,663	219,396	176,310
Expense relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Other tax benefit (expense)	(4,976)	(5,569)	(7,281)
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Other tax benefit (expense)	105	66	78
Benefit (expense) relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
Other tax benefit (expense)	$ 532	$ (1,693)	$ 261

Acquisitions and Divestiture (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	1 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Jun. 30, 2021	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Feb. 28, 2023	Jun. 17, 2021
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid for acquisition net of cash acquired				$ 3,800	$ 9,508	$ 22,939
Payment for contingent consideration liability, investing activities					4,100
Gain from sale of divested operation				135,410	0	0
Acquisition and integration charges				9,587	$ 9,079	6,055
Deferred consideration						2,300
TalentNeuron
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Gain from sale of divested operation				135,400
TalentNeuron
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Sale of business, consideration							$ 161,100
Goodwill				16,000
Intangible assets, net				9,500
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net,				4,500
Accounts receivable				11,800
Deferred revenue				24,400
Gartner Research Products
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percent of outstanding membership interests acquired	100.00%
Purchase price	$ 7,900
Chicago, Illinois
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percent of outstanding membership interests acquired		100.00%
Purchase price		$ 6,400
Pulse Q&A Inc.
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percent of outstanding membership interests acquired			100.00%
Purchase price			$ 29,900
Cash paid for acquisition net of cash acquired						$ 22,900
Future compensation expense				$ 4,500
Business combination, recognition of compensation expense, term				3 years
Acquired finite lived intangible assets and goodwill								$ 31,000
Acquired other liabilities								$ 1,100

Computation of Earnings Per Share - Common Share Equivalents Not Included in the Computation of Diluted EPS (Details) - $ / shares shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in shares)	0.1	0.1	0.0
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year (in dollars per share)	$ 351.31	$ 289.73	$ 252.07

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts - Summarized Activity in Allowances (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
SEC Schedule, 12-09, Movement in Valuation Allowances and Reserves [Roll Forward]
Balance at Beginning of Year	$ 9,000	$ 6,500	$ 10,000
Additions Charged to Expense	7,200	7,800	2,800
Deductions from the Reserve	(7,200)	(5,300)	(6,300)
Balance at End of Year	$ 9,000	$ 9,000	$ 6,500

Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Business and Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Segments	Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting.
Basis of presentation	Basis of presentation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), for financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X. The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. All references to 2023, 2022 and 2021 herein refer to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Principles of consolidation	Principles of consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of estimates	Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements to be reasonable. Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.
Business acquisitions	Business acquisitions. The Company accounts for business acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting as prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with certain exceptions. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. Under the acquisition method, the operating results of acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the date of acquisition. The Company completed business acquisitions in both 2022 and 2021. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding those business acquisitions. The determination of the fair values of intangible and other assets acquired in an acquisition requires management judgment and the consideration of a number of factors, including the historical financial performance of acquired businesses and their projected future performance, and estimates surrounding customer turnover, as well as assumptions regarding the level of competition and the costs necessary to reproduce certain assets. Establishing the useful lives of intangible assets also requires management judgment and the evaluation of a number of factors, including the expected use of an asset, historical client retention rates, consumer awareness and trade name history, as well as any contractual provisions that could limit or extend an asset’s useful life. Charges that are directly related to the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures are expensed as incurred and classified as Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenue recognition	Revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows: •Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized when the leads are provided to vendors. •Conferences revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related conference or meeting. •Consulting revenues are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee contracts are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations. Revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized upon satisfaction of all conditions related to their payment. The majority of the Company’s Research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms granted on a limited basis from time to time. Research contracts are generally non-cancellable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.
Allowance for losses	Allowance for losses. The Company estimates uncollectible amounts on its fees receivable using a historical loss rate method.
Cost of services and product development	Cost of services and product development (“COS”). COS expense includes the direct costs incurred in the creation and delivery of the Company’s products and services. These costs primarily relate to personnel.
Selling, general and administrative	Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A expense includes direct and indirect selling costs, general and administrative costs, facility costs and bad debt expense.
Commission expense	Commission expense. The Company records deferred commissions upon signing a customer contract and amortizes the deferred amount over a period that aligns with the transfer to the customer of the services to which the commissions relate.
Stock-based compensation expense	Stock-based compensation expense. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 505 and 718 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 and No. 110. Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the period that the related service is performed, which is generally the same as the vesting period of the underlying award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. A change in any of the terms or conditions of stock-based compensation awards is accounted for as a modification of the award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date. For vested awards, the Company recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For unvested awards, the Company recognizes any incremental compensation expense at the modification date or ratably over the requisite remaining service period, as appropriate. If the fair value of the modified award is lower than the fair value of the original award immediately before modification, the minimum compensation cost the Company recognizes is the cost of the original award.
Income taxes	Income taxes. The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The Company estimates its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where it operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax expense or benefit together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this assessment, the Company considers the availability of loss carryforwards, projected reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax law and measuring the benefits likely to be realized. Uncertain tax positions are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about their ultimate realization becomes available.
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, which are considered to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Investments with maturities of more than three months are classified as marketable securities. Interest earned is recorded in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Leases	Leases. ASC 842 requires accounting for leases under a right-of-use model whereby a lessee must record a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability on its balance sheet for most of its leases. Under ASC 842, leases are classified as either operating or finance arrangements, with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in an entity’s income statement. For operating leases, ASC 842 requires recognition in an entity’s income statement of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a hybrid work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized impairment losses of $20.4 million, $54.0 million, and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 7 — Leases provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases.
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	Property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Equipment, leasehold improvements and other fixed assets owned by the Company are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Fixed assets, other than leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the related lease.
Goodwill	Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable. When performing the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of management estimates are subject to uncertainty. The Company’s most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing the 2023 annual impairment test, no events or changes in circumstances were noted that required an interim goodwill impairment test. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s goodwill.
Finite-Lived Intangible assets	Finite-lived intangible assets. The Company has finite-lived intangible assets that are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the underlying asset.
Impairment of long-lived assets	Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company’s long-lived assets primarily consist of intangible assets other than goodwill, right-of-use assets and property, equipment and leasehold improvements. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. Such evaluation may be based on a number of factors, including current and projected operating results and cash flows, and changes in management’s strategic direction as well as external economic and market factors. The Company evaluates the recoverability of assets and asset groups by determining whether their carrying values can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying values might not be recoverable based on undiscounted future operating cash flows, an impairment loss may be recognized. The amount of impairment is measured based on the difference between the projected discounted future operating cash flows, using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds, and the carrying value of the asset or asset group.
Debt	Debt. The Company presents amounts borrowed in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of deferred financing fees. Interest accrued on amounts borrowed is recorded as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Foreign currency exposure	Foreign currency exposure. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is typically the local currency. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates throughout the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net within Stockholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Currency transaction gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are recognized in results of operations as part of Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Fair value disclosures	Fair value disclosures. The Company has a limited number of assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date.
Concentrations of credit risk	Concentrations of credit risk. Assets that may subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, contract assets, interest rate swaps and a pension reinsurance asset. The majority of the Company’s cash equivalent investments and its interest rate swap contracts are with investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable and contract asset balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to the Company’s diverse customer base and geographic dispersion. The Company’s pension reinsurance asset (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits) is maintained with a large international insurance company that was rated investment grade as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Stock repurchase programs	Stock repurchase programs. The Company records the cost to repurchase shares of its own common stock as treasury stock. Shares repurchased by the Company are added to treasury shares and are not retired. Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity provides additional information regarding the Company’s common stock repurchase activity.
Adoption of new accounting standards	Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standard described below during 2023. Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and, after the issuance of ASU 2022-06, will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2024. During 2023, the Company adopted the practical expedient provided under ASU 2020-04 related to its debt and interest rate swap arrangements and as such, the amendments in the second quarter of 2023 are treated as a continuation of the existing agreements and no gain or loss on the modification was recorded. Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued an accounting standard that has not yet become effective as of December 31, 2023 and may impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures in future periods. The standard and its potential impact are discussed below. Income Taxes— In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU No. 2023-09”). The amendments in this ASU are expected to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to enhance income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Companies will need to disaggregate the disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) by federal, state, and foreign taxes on an annual basis. Additionally, on an annual basis, companies would disclose income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdiction using a quantitative threshold of 5% of total income taxes paid. Public business entities would also be required to provide, on an annual basis, rate reconciliation information by specific categories, including state and local income tax, the effect of cross-border tax laws, foreign tax effects, changes in prior year unrecognized tax benefits, and tax credits, among others. Additionally, some categories would then require disaggregation based on a quantitative threshold of 5%. The foreign tax effect category requires disaggregation by both jurisdiction and nature. The ASU also requires additional qualitative disclosures. All public entities will be required to report income tax information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosures with no impacts to the Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition. Segment Reporting— In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements in Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU No. 2023-07”). The amendments in the ASU are expected to improve disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and addresses requests from investors and other allocators or capital for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. ASU 2023-07 requires public companies to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit and loss. The amendments in the ASU require that a public company provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required under ASC 280 in interim periods. The amendments in the ASU also require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, and amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments in the ASU, among other items, also requires that a public company disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280. All public entities will be required to report segment information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosures with no impacts to the Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

Leases - Supplemental Balance Sheet Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$ 98,493	$ 99,717
Operating lease liabilities	513,406	597,267
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$ 611,899	$ 696,984
Operating Lease, Liability, Current, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible List]	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	Accounts payable and accrued liabilities

Derivatives and Hedging - Outstanding Derivatives Contracts (Details) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) contract	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) contract
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts \| contract	112	139
Notional Amounts	$ 875,719	$ 1,037,763
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	7,239	10,923
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L	$ (24,162)	$ (39,248)
Other assets \| Interest rate swaps \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts \| contract	1	1
Notional Amounts	$ 350,000	$ 350,000
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	1,097	3,952
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L	(24,162)	(39,248)
Other current assets \| Interest rate swaps \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	$ 5,962	$ 6,346
Other current assets \| Foreign currency forward contracts \| Not Designated as Hedging Instrument
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Number of Contracts \| contract	111	138
Notional Amounts	$ 525,719	$ 687,763
Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net	180	625
Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L	$ 0	$ 0

Income Taxes - Differences Between U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate and Effective Tax Rate on Income Before Income Taxes (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Statutory tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.10%	2.40%	2.80%
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(0.40%)	(2.00%)	(3.40%)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	0.00%	0.00%	(5.60%)
Net activity in unrecognized tax benefits	1.30%	(1.10%)	1.30%
Law changes	0.00%	0.00%	1.30%
Stock-based compensation expense	(3.10%)	(2.00%)	(2.00%)
Limitation on executive compensation	2.30%	1.40%	1.70%
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.20%	1.90%	1.70%
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.30%)	(0.40%)	(0.30%)
Change in the valuation allowance	(1.20%)	0.30%	0.40%
Other items, net	0.20%	(0.10%)	(0.70%)
Effective tax rate	23.10%	21.40%	18.20%

Fair Value Disclosures - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Money market funds at carrying value	$ 10,300	$ 6,100
Cash surrender value of life insurance	104,600	84,300
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 20,368	$ 53,970	$ 49,537

Accounts Payable and Accrued and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Payables and Accruals [Abstract]

Schedule of Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

The Company’s Accounts payable and accrued liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accounts payable	$	63,139	$	83,225
Payroll and employee benefits payable	243,338		221,242

Bonus payable	279,482		254,675
Commissions payable	165,898		168,042
Income tax payable	72,181		76,383
VAT payable	60,709		43,187
Current portion of operating lease liabilities	98,493		99,717
Other accrued liabilities	144,364		168,727
Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	1,127,604	$	1,115,198

Schedule of Other Liabilities

The Company’s Other liabilities are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Non-current deferred revenues	$	33,490	$	39,115
Long-term taxes payable	114,467		92,812
Benefit plan-related liabilities	157,033		124,378
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	86,550		139,531
Other	23,924		27,628
Total other liabilities	$	415,464	$	423,464

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 882,466	$ 807,799	$ 793,560

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(g)(1)(ii))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 323
-SubTopic 10
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+ Details

Fair Value Disclosures

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, fees receivable from customers, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, all of which are normally short-term in nature. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of these financial instruments reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company’s financial instruments also include its outstanding variable-rate borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its variable-rate borrowings reasonably approximate their fair values because the rates of interest on those borrowings reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.

The Company enters into a limited number of derivatives transactions but does not enter into repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions or master netting arrangements. Receivables or payables that result from derivatives transactions are recorded gross in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for the measurement of fair value and a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities. Classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels. Level 1 measurements consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and other market-corroborated inputs. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs such as internally-created valuation models. Generally, the Company does not utilize Level 3 valuation inputs to remeasure any of its assets or liabilities. However, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company when certain long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and right-of-use assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are indicators of impairment. Additionally, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company in its required annual impairment review of goodwill. Information regarding the periodic assessment of the Company’s goodwill is included in Note 1 — Business and Significant Accounting Policies. The Company does not typically transfer assets or liabilities between different levels of the valuation hierarchy.



	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
Assets:
Values based on Level 1 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	$	10,290	$	6,065
Total Level 1 inputs	10,290		6,065
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan assets (1)	104,555		84,318
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	1,646		3,236
Interest rate swap contract (3)	7,059		10,298
Total Level 2 inputs	113,260		97,852
Total Assets	$	123,550	$	103,917
Liabilities:
Values based on Level 2 inputs:
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1)	$	121,708	$	96,641
Foreign currency forward contracts (2)	1,466		2,611

Total Level 2 inputs	123,174		99,252
Total Liabilities	$	123,174	$	99,252


	Carrying Amount				Fair Value
	December 31,				December 31,
Description	2023		2022		2023		2022
2028 Notes	$	794,088	$	792,934	$	759,040	$	740,864
2029 Notes	594,794		593,951		543,408		523,842
2030 Notes	793,189		792,324		709,600		688,856
Total	$	2,182,071	$	2,179,209	$	2,012,048	$	1,953,562

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company’s certain long-lived assets, including identifiable intangible assets, goodwill, and right-of-use assets assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis when there are indicators of impairment. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, the Company recorded impairment charges of $20.4 million, $54.0 million, and $49.5 million, respectively, on right-of-use assets and other long-lived assets primarily related to certain office leases that the Company determined will no longer be used, net of a reduction in the related lease liabilities. The impairment was derived by comparing the fair value of the impacted assets to the carrying value of those assets as of the impairment measurement date, as required under ASC Topic 360 using Level 3 inputs. See Note 7 — Leases for additional discussion related to these impairment charges.

Additionally, see Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for fair value measurements of certain assets and liabilities acquired in business combinations that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

+ References + Details

Segment Information - Information About Reportable Segments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Income	$ 1,236,894	$ 1,100,106	$ 915,751
Operating Segments
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	5,906,956	5,475,846	4,733,962
Operating Income	4,035,383	3,815,134	3,329,516
Operating Segments \| Research
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	4,887,046	4,604,791	4,101,392
Operating Income	3,600,143	3,414,574	3,036,925
Operating Segments \| Conferences
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	505,164	389,273	214,449
Operating Income	253,739	210,726	133,748
Operating Segments \| Consulting
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	514,746	481,782	418,121
Operating Income	181,501	189,834	158,843
Corporate and Reconciling Items
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Operating Income	$ (2,798,489)	$ (2,715,028)	$ (2,413,765)

- Definition

Amount of revenue recognized from goods sold, services rendered, insurance premiums, or other activities that constitute an earning process. Includes, but is not limited to, investment and interest income before deduction of interest expense when recognized as a component of revenue, and sales and trading gain (loss).

+ References

+ Details

Income Taxes - Current and Long-Term Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Accrued liabilities	$ 85,328	$ 72,610
Operating leases	59,160	63,289
Intangible assets	92,612	35,803
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	9,631	0
Loss and credit carryforwards	31,454	37,978
Assets relating to equity compensation	29,128	19,299
Other assets	13,126	16,638
Gross deferred tax assets	320,439	245,617
Valuation allowance	(177,132)	(152,808)
Net deferred tax assets	143,307	92,809
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	0	(1,856)
Prepaid expenses	(69,556)	(69,230)
Other liabilities	(15,587)	(22,936)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(85,143)	(94,022)
Net deferred tax assets	$ 58,164
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)		$ (1,213)

Employee Benefits - Assumptions Used in Computation of Net Periodic Pension Expense (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plans and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans Disclosures [Abstract]
Weighted-average discount rate	3.67%	1.24%	0.94%
Expected return on plan assets	3.90%	1.58%	1.19%
Average compensation increase	3.37%	2.57%	2.58%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.60%	1.20%	0.80%

Income Taxes -Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Income Taxes -Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax [Line Items]
Non-current deferred tax assets	$ 144,714	$ 138,318
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	86,550	139,531
Tax basis in intangible assets fully allowed for	38,400
Valuation allowance	177,132	152,808
Income tax benefit, intercompany sale of intellectual property			$ 54,100
Unrecognized tax benefits	148,390	137,227	$ 150,024
Unrecognized tax benefits reductions resulting from anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation	8,600
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	139,100
Unrecognized tax benefits that would result adjustments to other tax accounts	9,300
Income tax penalties and interest expense	17,400	16,300
Income tax examination, penalties and interest expense	1,800	2,400
Accumulated undistributed earnings of non-US subsidiaries	109,100
State and local jurisdiction
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	16,300
Tax credit carryforwards	$ 7,700
State and local jurisdiction \| Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards, expiration period	5 years
State and local jurisdiction \| Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Tax credit carryforwards, expiration period	6 years
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within one to five years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 100
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within one to five years \| Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	1 year
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within one to five years \| Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	5 years
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within six to fifteen years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 7,400
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within six to fifteen years \| Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	6 years
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within six to fifteen years \| Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	15 years
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within sixteen to twenty years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 8,800
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within sixteen to twenty years \| Minimum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	16 years
State and local jurisdiction \| Expire within sixteen to twenty years \| Maximum
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	20 years
Foreign Tax Authority
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 3,600
Tax credit carryforwards	19,200
Foreign Tax Authority \| Expire over next twenty years
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 2,400
Operating loss carryforwards expiration period	20 years
Foreign Tax Authority \| Carried forward indefinitely
Income Tax [Line Items]
Operating loss carryforwards	$ 1,200
Other assets
Income Tax [Line Items]
Non-current deferred tax assets	144,700	138,300
Other liabilities
Income Tax [Line Items]
Non-current deferred tax liabilities	$ 86,600	$ 139,500

Segment Information

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment Information

The Company’s products and services are delivered through three business segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.

•Research equips executives and their teams from every function and across all industries with actionable, objective insight, guidance and tools. Our experienced experts deliver all this value informed by a combination of practitioner-sourced and data-driven research to help our clients address their mission critical priorities.

•Conferences provides executives and teams across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and guidance.

•Consulting serves senior executives leading technology-driven strategic initiatives leveraging the power of Gartner’s actionable, objective insight. Through custom analysis and on-the-ground support we enable optimized technology investments and stronger performance on our clients’ mission critical priorities.

The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the table below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate tangible assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, tangible assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources.

The Company earns revenue from clients in many countries. Other than the United States, there is no individual country where revenues from external clients represent 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues. Additionally, no single client accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues and the loss of a single client, in management’s opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on revenues.

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
2023
Revenues	$	4,887,046	$	505,164	$	514,746	$	5,906,956
Gross contribution	3,600,143		253,739		181,501		4,035,383
Corporate and other expenses							(2,798,489)
Operating income							$	1,236,894

2022
Revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846
Gross contribution	3,414,574		210,726		189,834		3,815,134
Corporate and other expenses							(2,715,028)
Operating income							$	1,100,106

2021
Revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962
Gross contribution	3,036,925		133,748		158,843		3,329,516
Corporate and other expenses							(2,413,765)
Operating income							$	915,751

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Total segment gross contribution	$	4,035,383	$	3,815,134	$	3,329,516
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	31,667		33,059		39,647
Selling, general and administrative	2,701,542		2,480,944		2,155,658
Depreciation and amortization	191,103		191,946		212,405
Acquisition and integration charges	9,587		9,079		6,055
Gain from sale of divested operation	(135,410)		—		—
Operating income	1,236,894		1,100,106		915,751
Interest expense and other, net	(92,842)		(72,911)		(98,191)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	3,077		—		152,310
Less: Provision for income taxes	264,663		219,396		176,310
Net income	$	882,466	$	807,799	$	793,560

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.

Disaggregated revenue information by reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2023 is presented in Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters. Long-lived asset information by geographic location as of December 31 is summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	2023		2022
Long-lived assets (1):
United States and Canada	$	625,269	$	622,993
Europe, Middle East and Africa	233,272		252,573
Other International	110,274		123,138
Total long-lived assets	$	968,815	$	998,704

(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 22
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-22

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-15

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 31
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-31

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 42
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-42

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 40
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-40

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//280/tableOfContent

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 26
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-26

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 34
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-34

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 41
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-41

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21

Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-21

Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 280
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 32
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482810/280-10-50-32

+ Details

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 882,466	$ 807,799	$ 793,560
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	11,677	(39,679)	(6,621)
Interest rate swaps - net change in deferred gain or loss	15,086	17,075	21,781
Pension plans - net change in deferred actuarial gain or loss	(1,484)	2,425	2,637
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	25,279	(20,179)	17,797
Comprehensive income	$ 907,745	$ 787,620	$ 811,357

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

Revenue and Related Matters - Timing Of Revenue Recognition Liabilities per Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 5,906,956	$ 5,475,846	$ 4,733,962
Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,906,792	4,560,809	4,075,639
Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	1,000,164	915,037	658,323
Research
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,887,046	4,604,791	4,101,392
Research \| Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	4,506,621	4,182,747	3,740,694
Research \| Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	380,425	422,044	360,698
Conferences
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	505,164	389,273	214,449
Conferences \| Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	0	0	0
Conferences \| Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	505,164	389,273	214,449
Consulting
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	514,746	481,782	418,121
Consulting \| Transferred over time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	400,171	378,062	334,945
Consulting \| Transferred at a point in time
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total revenues	$ 114,575	$ 103,720	$ 83,176

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References + Details

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,318,999	$ 697,999
Fees receivable, net of allowances of $9,000 for both periods	1,601,228	1,556,786
Deferred commissions	380,479	363,079
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	127,180	119,207
Assets held-for-sale	0	49,036
Total current assets	3,427,886	2,786,107
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net	262,718	264,581
Operating lease right-of-use assets	366,809	436,592
Goodwill	2,937,260	2,930,211
Intangible assets, net	501,958	584,714
Other assets	339,288	297,531
Total Assets	7,835,919	7,299,736
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	1,127,604	1,115,198
Deferred revenues	2,640,515	2,443,762
Current portion of long-term debt	9,600	7,800
Liabilities held-for-sale	0	30,840
Total current liabilities	3,777,719	3,597,600
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees	2,448,696	2,453,607
Operating lease liabilities	513,406	597,267
Other liabilities	415,464	423,464
Total Liabilities	7,155,285	7,071,938
Preferred stock:
$0.01 par value, authorized 5,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding	0	0
Common stock:
$0.0005 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 163,602,067 shares issued for both periods	82	82
Additional paid-in capital	2,320,289	2,179,604
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net	(76,331)	(101,610)
Accumulated earnings	4,739,292	3,856,826
Treasury stock, at cost, 85,264,526 and 84,428,513 common shares, respectively	(6,302,698)	(5,707,104)
Total Stockholders’ Equity	680,634	227,798
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity	$ 7,835,919	$ 7,299,736

Computation of Earnings Per Share

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Computation of Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. Potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.

The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the years ended December 31 (in thousands, except per share data).


	2023		2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share	$	882,466	$	807,799	$	793,560
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share	79,004		80,178		85,026
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans	676		889		1,151
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share	79,680		81,067		86,177
Income per share (1):
Basic	$	11.17	$	10.08	$	9.33
Diluted	$	11.08	$	9.96	$	9.21


	Year Ended December 31,
	2023		2022		2021
Anti-dilutive outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (in millions) (1)	0.1		0.1		—
Average market price per share of Common Stock during the year	$	351.31	$	289.73	$	252.07

(1)The number of anti-dilutive common stock equivalents for 2021 was de minimis.

Employee Benefits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Employee Benefits - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Employer matching contribution, percent	4.00%
Maximum annual contribution per employee, amount	$ 7,200
Defined contribution plan cost recognized	56,000,000	$ 50,400,000	$ 44,100,000
Compensation expense related to deferred compensation plan	2,800,000	400,000	$ 1,300,000
Other assets	9,500,000	9,100,000
Other assets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred compensation plan assets	114,800,000	90,400,000
Other assets
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Deferred compensation liability	$ 121,700,000	$ 96,600,000

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2024 and through 2038. These facilities support the Company’s executive and administrative activities, research and consulting, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of the Company’s lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to ten years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.

The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2024 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.

Lease Accounting under ASC 842

Under ASC 842, a lease is a contract or an agreement, or a part of another arrangement, between two or more parties that, at its inception, creates enforceable rights and obligations that conveys the right to control the use of identified property, plant or equipment for a period of time in exchange for consideration.

Right-of-use assets represent a right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and the related lease liability represents an obligation to make lease payments pursuant to the contractual terms of the lease agreement. Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are initially recognized on the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term. For all of the Company’s facilities leases, the Company accounts for both lease components and nonlease components (e.g., common area maintenance charges, etc.) as a single lease component when determining the present value of the Company’s lease payments. Variable lease payments that are not dependent on an index or a rate are excluded from the determination of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities and such payments are recognized as expense in the period when the related obligation is incurred.

The Company’s lease agreements do not provide implicit interest rates. Instead, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate determined on the lease commencement date to calculate the present value of future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is calculated for each individual lease and represents the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis (in the currency that the lease is denominated) over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Right-of-use assets also include initial direct costs incurred by the Company and lease payments made to a lessor on or before the related lease commencement date, less any lease incentives received directly from the lessor.

Certain of the Company’s facility lease agreements include options to extend or terminate the lease. When it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise a renewal or termination option, the present value of the lease payments for the affected lease is adjusted accordingly. Leases with a term of twelve months or less are accounted for in the same manner as long-term lease arrangements, including any related disclosures. Lease expense for operating leases is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless the related right-of-use asset was previously impaired.

All of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements have been classified as operating leases with sublease income recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the sublease arrangement. To measure the Company’s periodic sublease income, the Company elected to use a practical expedient under ASC 842 to aggregate nonlease components with the related lease components when (i) the timing and pattern of transfer for the nonlease components and the related lease components are the same and (ii) the lease components, if accounted for separately, would be classified as an operating lease. This practical expedient applies to all of the Company’s existing sublease arrangements.

When the projected lease cost for the term of a sublease exceeds the anticipated sublease income for that same period, the Company treats that circumstance as an indicator that the carrying amount of the related right-of-use asset may not be fully recoverable. In those situations, the Company performs an impairment analysis and, if indicated, the Company records a charge against earnings to reduce the right-of-use asset to the amount deemed to be recoverable in the future.

On the Consolidated Balance Sheet, right-of-use assets are classified and reported in Operating lease right-of-use assets, and the related lease liabilities are included in Accounts payable and accrued liabilities (current) and Operating lease liabilities (long-term). On the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the reduction in the carrying amount of right-of-use assets is presented separately and the change in operating lease liabilities is included under Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities in the reconciliation of net income to cash provided by operating activities.

All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activities are recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 (dollars in thousands).


	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2023			2022			2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	112,948		$	117,750		$	130,383
Variable lease cost (2)	22,254			15,209			17,940
Sublease income	(53,377)			(46,698)			(42,801)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	81,825		$	86,261		$	105,522

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	145,226		$	137,399		$	140,571
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	51,968		$	46,159		$	42,374
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	12,715		$	20,597		$	33,113

As of December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.3			7.9			8.7
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.6		%	6.5		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $43.1 million, $41.9 million and $42.3 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2023, 2022, or 2021.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $20.4 million, $54.0 million, and $49.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively, as discussed below.


	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2024	$	135,707	$	47,311
2025	117,552		44,442
2026	113,494		44,243
2027	109,493		45,120
2028	65,257		8,139
Thereafter	237,439		18,392
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	778,942		$	207,647
Imputed interest	(167,043)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	611,899

(1)Approximately 79% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).


	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	98,493	$	99,717
Operating lease liabilities	513,406		597,267
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	611,899	$	696,984

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had additional operating leases for facilities that have not yet commenced. These operating leases, which aggregated $3.2 million of undiscounted lease payments, are scheduled to commence during 2024 with lease terms of up to 5 years.

As a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space, the Company continues to evaluate its existing real estate lease portfolio. In connection with this evaluation, the Company reviewed certain of its right-of-use assets and related other long-lived assets for impairment under ASC 360.

As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized an impairment loss of $20.4 million, $54.0 million and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively, which is included as a component of Selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. The impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2023 includes $14.7 million related to right-of-use assets and $5.7 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements. The impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 includes $40.7 million related to right-of-use assets and $13.3 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements. The impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2021 includes $50.9 million related to right-of-use assets and $17.9 million related to other long-lived assets, primarily leasehold improvements and a $19.3 million reduction in lease liabilities.

The fair values for the asset groups relating to the impaired long-lived assets were estimated primarily using discounted cash flow models (income approach) with Level 3 inputs. The significant assumptions used in estimating fair value include the expected downtime prior to the commencement of future subleases, projected sublease income over the remaining lease periods and discount rates that reflect the level of risk associated with receiving future cash flows.

Leases

Lease Accounting under ASC 842


	Year Ended December 31,
Description	2023			2022			2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	112,948		$	117,750		$	130,383
Variable lease cost (2)	22,254			15,209			17,940
Sublease income	(53,377)			(46,698)			(42,801)
Total lease cost, net (3) (4)	$	81,825		$	86,261		$	105,522

Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	145,226		$	137,399		$	140,571
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	$	51,968		$	46,159		$	42,374
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	12,715		$	20,597		$	33,113

As of December 31,	2023			2022			2021
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7.3			7.9			8.7
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.6		%	6.6		%	6.5		%

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $43.1 million, $41.9 million and $42.3 million of costs for subleasing activities during 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively.

(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.

(3)The Company did not capitalize any initial direct costs for operating leases during 2023, 2022, or 2021.

(4)Amount excludes impairment charges of $20.4 million, $54.0 million, and $49.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 respectively, as discussed below.


	Operating		Sublease
	Lease		Cash
Period ending December 31,	Payments		Receipts
2024	$	135,707	$	47,311
2025	117,552		44,442
2026	113,494		44,243
2027	109,493		45,120
2028	65,257		8,139
Thereafter	237,439		18,392
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts (1)	778,942		$	207,647
Imputed interest	(167,043)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	611,899

(1)Approximately 79% of the operating lease payments pertain to properties in the United States.

The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the Consolidated Balance Sheet (in thousands).


	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	98,493	$	99,717
Operating lease liabilities	513,406		597,267
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	$	611,899	$	696,984

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2023
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Name	KPMG LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY
Auditor Firm ID	185

Revenue and Related Matters - Schedule of Contract with Customer, Asset and Liability (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Assets:
Fees receivable, gross	$ 1,610,228	$ 1,565,786
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets	28,791	21,183
Contract liabilities:
Deferred revenues	2,640,515	2,443,762
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities	33,490	39,115
Total contract liabilities	$ 2,674,005	$ 2,482,877

Goodwill and Intangible Assets - Changes to the Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	$ 2,930,211,000	$ 2,951,317,000
Additions due to acquisition	4,176,000	4,617,000
Reclassified as held-for-sale		(16,000,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(2,873,000)	(9,723,000)
Ending Balance	2,937,260,000	2,930,211,000
Accumulated goodwill impairment losses	0
Research
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	2,651,193,000	2,670,934,000
Additions due to acquisition	4,176,000	4,617,000
Reclassified as held-for-sale		(16,000,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(2,180,000)	(8,358,000)
Ending Balance	2,657,549,000	2,651,193,000
Conferences
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	183,951,000	184,021,000
Additions due to acquisition	0	0
Reclassified as held-for-sale		0
Foreign currency translation impact	(46,000)	(70,000)
Ending Balance	183,997,000	183,951,000
Consulting
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Beginning Balance	95,067,000	96,362,000
Additions due to acquisition	0	0
Reclassified as held-for-sale		0
Foreign currency translation impact	(647,000)	(1,295,000)
Ending Balance	$ 95,714,000	$ 95,067,000

- Definition

Amount after accumulated impairment loss of an asset representing future economic benefits arising from other assets acquired in a business combination that are not individually identified and separately recognized.

+ References + Details

Debt - Borrowings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 2,479,400	$ 2,487,200
Less: deferred financing fees	(21,104)	(25,793)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	2,458,296	2,461,407
Term Loan Facility \| 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	274,400	282,200
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	0	0
Senior Notes \| 2028 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	800,000	800,000
Senior Notes \| 2029 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	600,000	600,000
Senior Notes \| 2030 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	800,000	800,000
Other
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Principal amount outstanding	$ 5,000	$ 5,000

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in CSEs Outstanding (Details) - CSEs	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Units of CSEs
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares) \| shares	115,279
Granted (in shares) \| shares	3,196
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant and termination (in shares) \| shares	(12,125)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares) \| shares	106,350
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 33.35
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	359.23
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant and termination (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	100.86
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 35.45

Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Narrative (Details)	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) enterprise country segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Number of enterprises served (nearly) \| enterprise		15,000
Number of countries in which entity operates \| country		90
Number of reportable segments \| segment		3
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net		$ 20,368,000	$ 53,970,000	$ 49,537,000
Depreciation expense		98,645,000	93,410,000	102,802,000
Net capitalized development costs for internal use software		105,200,000	84,000,000
Amortization of capitalized internal software development costs		47,800,000	39,600,000	34,600,000
Goodwill, impairment loss	$ 0
Foreign currency transaction gain (loss)		(6,000,000.0)	25,600,000	(3,700,000)
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) recognized in income, net		(14,226,000)	(2,246,000)	(10,217,000)
Proceeds from event cancellation insurance claims		3,100,000	166,900,000
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims		3,077,000	0	152,310,000
Selling, general and administrative
Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net		20,400,000	54,000,000	49,500,000
Foreign currency exchange contracts
Business and Significant Accounting Policies [Line Items]
Derivative instruments, gain (loss) recognized in income, net		$ 1,900,000	$ (31,900,000)	$ (1,400,000)

Other Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Other Assets

The Company’s other assets are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Benefit plan-related assets	$	124,298	$	99,527
Non-current deferred tax assets	144,714		138,318
Other	70,276		59,686
Total other assets	$	339,288	$	297,531

Business and Significant Accounting Policies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Business and Significant Accounting Policies

Business. Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) delivers actionable, objective insight that drives smarter decisions and stronger performance on an organization’s mission-critical priorities.

We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for nearly 15,000 enterprises in approximately 90 countries and territories — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.

Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting. Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters and Note 16 — Segment Information describe the products and services offered by each of our segments and provide additional financial information for those segments.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”), for financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Regulation S-X.

The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. All references to 2023, 2022 and 2021 herein refer to the fiscal year unless otherwise indicated. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Principles of consolidation. The accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.

Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements to be reasonable.

Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between our estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements in future periods.

Business acquisitions. The Company accounts for business acquisitions in accordance with the acquisition method of accounting as prescribed by FASB ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations. The acquisition method of accounting requires the Company to record the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as of the acquisition date, with certain exceptions. Any excess of the consideration transferred over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, is recorded as goodwill. Under the acquisition method, the operating results of acquired companies are included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements beginning on the date of acquisition. The Company completed business acquisitions in both 2022 and 2021. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding those business acquisitions.

The determination of the fair values of intangible and other assets acquired in an acquisition requires management judgment and the consideration of a number of factors, including the historical financial performance of acquired businesses and their projected future performance, and estimates surrounding customer turnover, as well as assumptions regarding the level of competition and the costs necessary to reproduce certain assets. Establishing the useful lives of intangible assets also requires management judgment and the evaluation of a number of factors, including the expected use of an asset, historical client retention rates, consumer awareness and trade name history, as well as any contractual provisions that could limit or extend an asset’s useful life.

Charges that are directly related to the Company’s acquisitions and divestitures are expensed as incurred and classified as Acquisition and integration charges in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture provides additional information regarding the Company’s Acquisition and integration charges.

Revenue recognition. The Company’s revenue by significant source is accounted for as follows:

•Research revenues are mainly derived from subscription contracts for research products. The related revenues are deferred and recognized ratably over the applicable contract term. Fees derived from assisting organizations in selecting the right business software for their needs are recognized when the leads are provided to vendors.

•Conferences revenues are deferred and recognized upon the completion of the related conference or meeting.

•Consulting revenues are principally generated from fixed fee or time and materials engagements. Revenues from fixed fee contracts are recognized as the Company works to satisfy its performance obligations. Revenues from time and materials engagements are recognized as work is delivered and/or services are provided. Revenues related to contract optimization engagements are contingent in nature and are only recognized upon satisfaction of all conditions related to their payment.

The majority of the Company’s Research contracts are billable upon signing, absent special terms granted on a limited basis from time to time. Research contracts are generally non-cancellable and non-refundable, except for government contracts that may have cancellation or fiscal funding clauses. It is the Company’s policy to record the amount of a subscription contract that is billable as a fee receivable at the time the contract is signed with a corresponding amount as deferred revenue because the contract represents a legally enforceable claim.

Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding the Company’s business and revenues.

Allowance for losses. The Company estimates uncollectible amounts on its fees receivable using a historical loss rate method.

Cost of services and product development (“COS”). COS expense includes the direct costs incurred in the creation and delivery of the Company’s products and services. These costs primarily relate to personnel.

Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”). SG&A expense includes direct and indirect selling costs, general and administrative costs, facility costs and bad debt expense.

Commission expense. The Company records deferred commissions upon signing a customer contract and amortizes the deferred amount over a period that aligns with the transfer to the customer of the services to which the commissions relate. Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding deferred commissions and the amortization of such costs.

Stock-based compensation expense. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation awards in accordance with FASB ASC Topics 505 and 718 and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletins No. 107 and No. 110. Stock-based compensation expense for equity awards is based on the fair value of the award on the date of grant. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense over the period that the related service is performed, which is generally the same as the vesting period of the underlying award. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur. A change in any of the terms or conditions of stock-based compensation awards is accounted for as a modification of the award. Incremental compensation cost is measured as the excess, if any, of the fair value of the modified award over the fair value of the original award immediately before its terms are modified, measured based on the fair value of the awards at the modification date. For vested awards, the Company recognizes incremental compensation cost in the period the modification occurs. For unvested awards, the Company recognizes any incremental compensation expense at the modification date or ratably over the requisite remaining service period, as appropriate. If the fair value of the modified award is lower than the fair value of the original award immediately before modification, the minimum compensation cost the Company recognizes is the cost of the original award. Note 10 — Stock-Based Compensation provides additional information regarding the Company’s stock-based compensation activity.

Income taxes. The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. The Company estimates its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions where it operates. This process involves estimating the Company’s current tax expense or benefit together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in deferred tax assets and liabilities, which are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. When assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, the Company considers if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In making this assessment, the Company considers the availability of loss carryforwards, projected reversals of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible

tax planning strategies. The Company recognizes the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained based on the technical merits of the position. Recognized tax positions are measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than a 50% likelihood of being realized. The Company uses estimates in determining the amount of unrecognized tax benefits associated with uncertain tax positions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating tax law and measuring the benefits likely to be realized. Uncertain tax positions are periodically re-evaluated and adjusted as more information about their ultimate realization becomes available. Note 12 — Income Taxes provides additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes.

Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash and all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, which are considered to be cash equivalents. The carrying value of cash equivalents approximates fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments. Investments with maturities of more than three months are classified as marketable securities. Interest earned is recorded in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

U.S. GAAP requires that amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents be presented with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts presented on an entity’s statement of cash flows. Below is a table presenting the beginning-of-period and end-of-period cash amounts from the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets and the total cash amounts presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022		2021		2020
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,318,999	$	697,999	$	756,493	$	712,583
Restricted cash classified in (1):
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	600		—		4,109		—
Other assets	—		600		—		—
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$	1,319,599	$	698,599	$	760,602	$	712,583

Leases. ASC 842 requires accounting for leases under a right-of-use model whereby a lessee must record a right-of-use asset and a related lease liability on its balance sheet for most of its leases. Under ASC 842, leases are classified as either operating or finance arrangements, with such classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in an entity’s income statement. For operating leases, ASC 842 requires recognition in an entity’s income statement of a single lease cost, calculated so that the cost of the lease is allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, as a result and in consideration of the changing nature of the Company’s use of office space for its workforce and the transitioning to a hybrid work environment, the Company evaluated its existing real estate lease portfolio. As a result of the evaluation, the Company recognized impairment losses of $20.4 million, $54.0 million, and $49.5 million during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 7 — Leases provides additional information regarding the Company’s leases.

Property, equipment and leasehold improvements. Equipment, leasehold improvements and other fixed assets owned by the Company are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Fixed assets, other than leasehold improvements, are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the underlying asset. Leasehold improvements are amortized using the straight-line method over the shorter of the estimated useful life of the improvement or the remaining term of the related lease. Depreciation and amortization expense for fixed assets was $98.6 million, $93.4 million and $102.8 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net are presented in the table below (in thousands).


	Useful Life	December 31,
Category	(Years)	2023		2022
Computer equipment and software	2 - 7	$	320,136	$	258,843
Furniture and equipment	3 - 8	83,551		89,559
Leasehold improvements	2 - 15	213,205		220,509
Total cost		616,892		568,911
Less — accumulated depreciation and amortization		(354,174)		(304,330)
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net		$	262,718	$	264,581

The Company incurs costs to develop internal-use software used in its operations. Certain of those costs that meet the criteria in FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other are capitalized and amortized over future periods. Net capitalized internal-use software development costs were $105.2 million and $84.0 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and are included in Computer equipment and software in the table above. Amortization expense for capitalized internal-use software development costs, which is included with Depreciation in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, totaled $47.8 million, $39.6 million and $34.6 million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Goodwill. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.

When performing the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then the Company performs a quantitative impairment test. Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of management estimates are subject to uncertainty.

The Company’s most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing the 2023 annual impairment test, no events or changes in circumstances were noted that required an interim goodwill impairment test. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s goodwill.

Finite-lived intangible assets. The Company has finite-lived intangible assets that are amortized using the straight-line method over the expected useful life of the underlying asset. Note 3 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets provides additional information regarding the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets.

Impairment of long-lived assets. The Company’s long-lived assets primarily consist of intangible assets other than goodwill, right-of-use assets and property, equipment and leasehold improvements. The Company reviews its long-lived asset groups for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or an asset group may not be recoverable. Such evaluation may be based on a number of factors, including current and projected operating results and cash flows, and changes in management’s strategic direction as well as external economic and market factors. The Company evaluates the recoverability of assets and asset groups by determining whether their carrying values can be recovered through undiscounted future operating cash flows. If events or circumstances indicate that the carrying values might not be recoverable based on undiscounted future operating cash flows, an impairment loss may be recognized. The amount of impairment is measured based on the difference between the projected discounted future operating cash flows, using a discount rate reflecting the Company’s average cost of funds, and the carrying value of the asset or asset group.

Debt. The Company presents amounts borrowed in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of deferred financing fees. Interest accrued on amounts borrowed is recorded as Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Note 6 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s debt arrangements.

Foreign currency exposure. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is typically the local currency. All assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at average exchange rates throughout the year. The resulting translation adjustments are recorded as foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net within Stockholders’ Equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Currency transaction gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of a subsidiary are recognized in results of operations as part of Other income, net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company had net currency transaction (losses) / gains of $(6.0) million, $25.6 million and $(3.7) million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates on certain transactions. Those contracts generally have short durations and are recorded at fair value with both realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in Other income, net. The net gain / (loss) from foreign currency forward exchange contracts was $1.9 million, $(31.9) million and $(1.4) million in 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Note 13 — Derivatives and Hedging provides additional information regarding the Company’s foreign currency forward exchange contracts.

Fair value disclosures. The Company has a limited number of assets and liabilities that are adjusted to fair value at each balance sheet date. The Company’s required fair value disclosures are provided at Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures.

Concentrations of credit risk. Assets that may subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, contract assets, interest rate swaps and a pension reinsurance asset. The majority of the Company’s cash equivalent investments and its interest rate swap contracts are with investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable and contract asset balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to the Company’s diverse customer base and geographic dispersion. The Company’s pension reinsurance asset (see Note 15 — Employee Benefits) is maintained with a large international insurance company that was rated investment grade as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.

Stock repurchase programs. The Company records the cost to repurchase shares of its own common stock as treasury stock. Shares repurchased by the Company are added to treasury shares and are not retired. Note 8 — Stockholders’ Equity provides additional information regarding the Company’s common stock repurchase activity.

Gain on event cancellation insurance claims. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2021, the Company received $3.1 million and $166.9 million, respectively, of proceeds related to 2020 event cancellation insurance claims and recorded pre-tax gains of $3.1 million and $152.3 million, respectively. The Company does not record any gain on insurance claims in excess of expenses incurred until the receipt of the insurance proceeds is deemed to be realizable.

Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standard described below during 2023.

Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and, after the issuance of ASU 2022-06, will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2024. During 2023, the Company adopted the practical expedient provided under ASU 2020-04 related to its debt and interest rate swap arrangements and as such, the amendments in the second quarter of 2023 are treated as a continuation of the existing agreements and no gain or loss on the modification was recorded.

Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued an accounting standard that has not yet become effective as of December 31, 2023 and may impact the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements or related disclosures in future periods. The standard and its potential impact are discussed below.

Income Taxes— In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU No. 2023-09”). The amendments in this ASU are expected to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. ASU 2023-09 requires entities to enhance income tax disclosures primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Companies will need to disaggregate the disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) by federal, state, and foreign taxes on an annual basis. Additionally, on an annual basis, companies would disclose income taxes paid disaggregated by individual jurisdiction using a quantitative threshold of 5% of total income taxes paid.

Public business entities would also be required to provide, on an annual basis, rate reconciliation information by specific categories, including state and local income tax, the effect of cross-border tax laws, foreign tax effects, changes in prior year unrecognized tax benefits, and tax credits, among others. Additionally, some categories would then require disaggregation based on a quantitative threshold of 5%. The foreign tax effect category requires disaggregation by both jurisdiction and nature. The ASU also requires additional qualitative disclosures. All public entities will be required to report income tax information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosures with no impacts to the Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

Segment Reporting— In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements in Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU No. 2023-07”). The amendments in the ASU are expected to improve disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and addresses requests from investors and other allocators or capital for additional, more detailed information about a reportable segment’s expenses. ASU 2023-07 requires public companies to disclose, on an annual and interim basis, significant expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (CODM) and included within each reported measure of segment profit and loss. The amendments in the ASU require that a public company provide all annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets currently required under ASC 280 in interim periods. The amendments in the ASU also require that a public entity disclose, on an annual and interim basis, and amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition. The other segment items category is the difference between segment revenue less the significant expenses disclosed and each reported measure of segment profit or loss. The amendments in the ASU, among other items, also requires that a public company disclose the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measure(s) of segment profit or loss in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. The ASU applies to all public entities that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280. All public entities will be required to report segment information in accordance with the new guidance starting in annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023. The Company expects this ASU to only impact its disclosures with no impacts to the Company's results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition.

Stock-Based Compensation - Summary of Changes in RSUs Outstanding (Details) - Restricted stock units shares in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 $ / shares shares
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in shares)	1.0
Granted (in shares)	0.5
Vested and released (in shares)	(0.5)
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in shares)	1.0
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding, Beginning Balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 211.25
Granted (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	348.02
Vested and released (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	193.30
Outstanding, Ending Balance (in dollars per share) \| $ / shares	$ 275.81
Weighted average remaining contractual term	1 year 1 month 6 days
Performance-based RSUs
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Granted (in shares)	0.1
Minimum \| Performance-based RSUs
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Target performance percentage	0.00%
Maximum \| Performance-based RSUs
Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Target performance percentage	200.00%
Executives \| Performance-based RSUs
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Granted (in shares)	0.1
Non-executive employees \| Service-based Awards
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
Granted (in shares)	0.4

Derivatives and Hedging

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivatives and Hedging

The Company enters into a limited number of derivative contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in interest rates on variable-rate debt and changes in foreign exchange rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. The Company accounts for its outstanding derivative contracts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which requires all derivatives, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

December 31, 2023


Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swap (1)	1	$	350,000	$	1,097	Other assets	$	(24,162)
				5,962		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	111	525,719		180		Other current assets	—
Total	112	$	875,719	$	7,239		$	(24,162)

December 31, 2022


Derivative Contract Type	Number of Contracts	Notional Amounts		Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3)		Balance Sheet Line Item	Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L
Interest rate swaps (1)	1	$	350,000	$	3,952	Other assets	$	(39,248)
				6,346		Other current assets
Foreign currency forwards (2)	138	687,763		625		Other current assets	—
Total	139	$	1,037,763	$	10,923		$	(39,248)

(3)See Note 14 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.

At December 31, 2023, all of the Company’s derivative counterparties were investment grade financial institutions. The Company did not have any collateral arrangements with its derivative counterparties and none of the derivative contracts contained credit-risk related contingent features. The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


Amount Recorded In	2023		2022		2021
Interest expense (1)	$	20,062	$	22,643	$	29,061
Other income, net (2)	(5,836)		(20,397)		(18,844)
Total expense, net	$	14,226	$	2,246	$	10,217

(1)Consists of interest expense from interest rate swap contracts.

(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps.

Segment Information (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of Segment Reporting Information by Segment

The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Consolidated
2023
Revenues	$	4,887,046	$	505,164	$	514,746	$	5,906,956
Gross contribution	3,600,143		253,739		181,501		4,035,383
Corporate and other expenses							(2,798,489)
Operating income							$	1,236,894

2022
Revenues	$	4,604,791	$	389,273	$	481,782	$	5,475,846
Gross contribution	3,414,574		210,726		189,834		3,815,134
Corporate and other expenses							(2,715,028)
Operating income							$	1,100,106

2021
Revenues	$	4,101,392	$	214,449	$	418,121	$	4,733,962
Gross contribution	3,036,925		133,748		158,843		3,329,516
Corporate and other expenses							(2,413,765)
Operating income							$	915,751

Schedule of Reconciliation of Segment Gross Contribution to Net Income

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Total segment gross contribution	$	4,035,383	$	3,815,134	$	3,329,516
Costs and expenses:
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1)	31,667		33,059		39,647
Selling, general and administrative	2,701,542		2,480,944		2,155,658
Depreciation and amortization	191,103		191,946		212,405
Acquisition and integration charges	9,587		9,079		6,055
Gain from sale of divested operation	(135,410)		—		—
Operating income	1,236,894		1,100,106		915,751
Interest expense and other, net	(92,842)		(72,911)		(98,191)
Gain on event cancellation insurance claims	3,077		—		152,310
Less: Provision for income taxes	264,663		219,396		176,310
Net income	$	882,466	$	807,799	$	793,560

Schedule of Revenue from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets by Geographical Areas


	2023		2022
Long-lived assets (1):
United States and Canada	$	625,269	$	622,993
Europe, Middle East and Africa	233,272		252,573
Other International	110,274		123,138
Total long-lived assets	$	968,815	$	998,704

(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.

Business and Significant Accounting Policies - Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021	Dec. 31, 2020
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,318,999	$ 697,999	$ 756,493	$ 712,583
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	600	0	4,109	0
Other assets	0	600	0	0
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash per the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	$ 1,319,599	$ 698,599	$ 760,602	$ 712,583

Stock-Based Compensation - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Number of shares available for grant (in shares)	5,900,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 0.0005	$ 0.0005
Total share-based compensation cost not yet recognized	$ 142,700,000
Remaining weighted average service period	1 year 7 months 6 days
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	$ 25,107,000	$ 22,231,000	$ 18,173,000
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Employee stock purchase plan, stock purchases as a percentage of employee compensation, maximum	10.00%
Maximum share value authorized for purchase under employee stock purchase plan	$ 23,750
Exercisable price percentage of closing price of another class of stock	95.00%
Maximum number of shares that may be purchased by eligible participants	3,200,000
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan	$ 25,100,000	$ 22,200,000	$ 18,200,000
Stock appreciation rights
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Remaining weighted average service period	5 years 9 months 10 days
Award vesting period	4 years
Award expiry period from date of grant	7 years
Total compensation cost not yet recognized, period for recognition	4 years
Restricted stock units
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares per vested award (in shares)	1
Restricted stock units \| Service-based Awards
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	4 years
Restricted stock units \| Performance-based RSUs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Award vesting period	4 years
CSEs
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Common shares per vested award (in shares)	1
Base fee percentage	50.00%

Employee Benefits - Information Related to Changes in Projected Benefit Obligation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Defined Benefit Plan, Change in Benefit Obligation [Roll Forward]
Projected benefit obligation at beginning of year	$ 55,311	$ 57,973	$ 62,297
Service cost	5,363	4,173	4,511
Interest cost	2,173	709	605
Actuarial loss (gain) due to assumption changes and plan experience	2,527	(7,318)	(2,230)
Benefits payments	(1,974)	(1,225)	(1,198)
Plan amendments	0	0	269
Settlements	0	0	(1,606)
Acquisition/Business Combination/Divestiture	(268)	0	0
Other	4,628	5,685	0
Foreign currency impact	643	(4,686)	(4,675)
Projected benefit obligation at end of year	$ 68,403	$ 55,311	$ 57,973
Defined Benefit Plan, Weighted Average Assumptions Used in Calculating Benefit Obligation [Abstract]
Weighted average discount rate	3.48%	3.67%	1.24%
Average compensation increase	3.29%	3.37%	2.57%
Cash balance interest credit rate	3.10%	3.60%	1.20%
Expected future benefit payments, in 2024	$ 3,500
Expected future benefit payments, in 2025	3,600
Expected future benefit payments, in 2026	4,000
Expected future benefit payments, in 2027	4,600
Expected future benefit payments, in 2028	5,800
Expected future benefit payments in the five years thereafter	$ 32,600

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Total	Common Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net	Accumulated Earnings	Treasury Stock
Beginning Balance at Dec. 31, 2020	$ 1,090,428	$ 82	$ 1,968,930	$ (99,228)	$ 2,255,467	$ (3,034,823)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	793,560				793,560
Other comprehensive (loss) income	17,797			17,797
Issuances under stock plans	18,250		7,396			10,854
Common share repurchases	(1,647,547)					(1,647,547)
Stock-based compensation expense	98,570		98,570
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2021	371,058	82	2,074,896	(81,431)	3,049,027	(4,671,516)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	807,799				807,799
Other comprehensive (loss) income	(20,179)			(20,179)
Issuances under stock plans	22,296		14,142			8,154
Common share repurchases	(1,043,742)					(1,043,742)
Stock-based compensation expense	90,566		90,566
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2022	227,798	82	2,179,604	(101,610)	3,856,826	(5,707,104)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Net income	882,466				882,466
Other comprehensive (loss) income	25,279			25,279
Issuances under stock plans	25,212		10,844			14,368
Common share repurchases	(609,962)					(609,962)
Stock-based compensation expense	129,841		129,841
Ending Balance at Dec. 31, 2023	$ 680,634	$ 82	$ 2,320,289	$ (76,331)	$ 4,739,292	$ (6,302,698)

- Definition

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

+ References

+ Details

- Definition

Equity impact of the value of stock that has been repurchased during the period and has not been retired and is not held in treasury. Some state laws may mandate the circumstances under which an entity may acquire its own stock and prescribe the accounting treatment therefore. This element is used when state law does not recognize treasury stock.

+ References + Details

- Definition

Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.

+ References

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+ Details

Segment Information - Summarized Information by Geographic Location (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	$ 968,815	$ 998,704
United States and Canada
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	625,269	622,993
Europe, Middle East and Africa
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	233,272	252,573
Other International
Long-lived assets:
Long-lived assets	$ 110,274	$ 123,138

Goodwill and Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Changes to the Carrying Amount of Goodwill by Segment

The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 (in thousands).


	Research		Conferences		Consulting		Total
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1)	$	2,670,934	$	184,021	$	96,362	$	2,951,317
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,617		—		—		4,617
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3)	(16,000)		—		—		(16,000)
Foreign currency translation impact	(8,358)		(70)		(1,295)		(9,723)
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1)	2,651,193		183,951		95,067		2,930,211
Additions due to an acquisition (2)	4,176		—		—		4,176
Foreign currency translation impact	2,180		46		647		2,873
Balance at December 31, 2023 (1)	$	2,657,549	$	183,997	$	95,714	$	2,937,260

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.

(2)The additions were due to the acquisition of UpCity in October 2022 and an independent sales agent in September 2023 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

Schedule of Amortizable Intangible Assets

Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2023 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).


December 31, 2023	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2022	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		$	1,082,177
Additions due to an acquisition (1)	990		—		—		990
Intangible assets fully amortized	(987)		(39)		(236)		(1,262)

Foreign currency translation impact	16,639		39		—		16,678
Gross cost	1,077,183		11,200		10,200		1,098,583
Accumulated amortization (3)	(580,937)		(9,333)		(6,355)		(596,625)
Balance at December 31, 2023	$	496,246	$	1,867	$	3,845	$	501,958


December 31, 2022	Customer Relationships		Technology-related		Other		Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021	$	1,096,358	$	61,216	$	10,436	$	1,168,010


Reclassified as held-for-sale (2)	—		(49,487)		—		(49,487)
Foreign currency translation impact	(35,817)		(529)		—		(36,346)
Gross cost	1,060,541		11,200		10,436		1,082,177
Accumulated amortization (3)	(486,260)		(5,600)		(5,603)		(497,463)
Balance at December 31, 2022	$	574,281	$	5,600	$	4,833	$	584,714

(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of an independent sales agent in September 2023. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information.

Schedule of Estimated Future Amortization Expense by Year

The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).


2024	$	90,138
2025	81,471
2026	78,796
2027	78,188
2028	76,716
2029 and thereafter	96,649
	$	501,958

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

+ References

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+ Details

Leases - Net Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
Leases - Net Lease Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease cost	$ 112,948	$ 117,750	$ 130,383
Variable lease cost	22,254	15,209	17,940
Sublease income	(53,377)	(46,698)	(42,801)
Total lease cost, net	81,825	86,261	105,522
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities	145,226	137,399	140,571
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements	51,968	46,159	42,374
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$ 12,715	$ 20,597	$ 33,113
Weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases (in years)	7 years 3 months 18 days	7 years 10 months 24 days	8 years 8 months 12 days
Weighted average discount rate for operating leases	6.60%	6.60%	6.50%
Cost of subleasing activities	$ 43,100	$ 41,900	$ 42,300
Loss on impairment of lease related assets, net	$ 20,368	$ 53,970	$ 49,537

Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)				1 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Debt - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Jun. 18, 2021	Sep. 28, 2020	Jun. 22, 2020	May 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Repayments of long-term debt					$ 7,800,000	$ 5,931,000	$ 107,915,000
2029 Notes \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 600,000,000				$ 600,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.625%				3.625%
Debt Instrument, Issue Price, Percentage	100.00%
2029 Notes \| Senior Notes \| Debt Instrument Redemption Option One
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Percentage of principal amount redeemed	40.00%
2030 Notes \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 800,000,000			$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate					3.75%
Debt Instrument, Issue Price, Percentage		100.00%
Percentage of principal amount redeemed		40.00%
2028 Notes \| Senior Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount			$ 800,000,000		$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate			4.50%		4.50%
Debt Instrument, Issue Price, Percentage			100.00%
Percentage of principal amount redeemed			40.00%
2020 Credit Agreement \| Variable Rate Component One \| Federal Reserve Board of New York Rate
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate		0.50%
2020 Credit Agreement \| Term Loan Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount		$ 400,000,000
Repayments of long-term debt		100,000,000
2020 Credit Agreement \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Line of credit facility, maximum borrowing capacity		$ 1,000,000,000
2020 Credit Agreement \| Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Basis spread on variable rate				0.10%

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Note 12 — Income Taxes

Below is a summary of the components of the Company’s income before income taxes for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
U.S.	$	574,458	$	560,193	$	485,472
Non-U.S.	572,671		467,002		484,398
Income before income taxes	$	1,147,129	$	1,027,195	$	969,870

The components of the expense (benefit) for income taxes on the above income are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	2023		2022		2021
Current tax expense:
U.S. federal	$	171,917	$	122,191	$	117,024
State and local	51,441		48,482		36,266
Foreign	107,421		91,596		64,835
Total current	330,779		262,269		218,125
Deferred tax (benefit) expense:
U.S. federal	(35,457)		(21,337)		(4,640)
State and local	(13,475)		(10,108)		3,156
Foreign	(12,845)		(4,232)		(33,389)
Total deferred	(61,777)		(35,677)		(34,873)
Total current and deferred	269,002		226,592		183,252
Expense relating to interest rate swaps used to increase equity	(4,976)		(5,569)		(7,281)
Benefit from stock transactions with employees used to increase equity	105		66		78
Benefit (expense) relating to defined-benefit pension adjustments used to increase equity	532		(1,693)		261
Total tax expense	$	264,663	$	219,396	$	176,310

The components of long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities) are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
	2023		2022
Accrued liabilities	$	85,328	$	72,610
Operating leases	59,160		63,289
Intangible assets	92,612		35,803
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	9,631		—
Loss and credit carryforwards	31,454		37,978
Assets relating to equity compensation	29,128		19,299
Other assets	13,126		16,638
Gross deferred tax assets	320,439		245,617
Valuation allowance	(177,132)		(152,808)
Net deferred tax assets	143,307		92,809
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements	—		(1,856)

Prepaid expenses	(69,556)		(69,230)
Other liabilities	(15,587)		(22,936)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(85,143)		(94,022)
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)	$	58,164	$	(1,213)

Net deferred tax assets and net deferred tax liabilities were $144.7 million and $86.6 million as of December 31, 2023, respectively, and $138.3 million and $139.5 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively. These amounts are reported in Other assets and Other liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Management has concluded it is more likely than not that the reversal of deferred tax liabilities and results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the deferred tax assets, net of the valuation allowance at December 31, 2023.

In 2023, the Company increased deferred tax assets by approximately $38.4 million for tax basis in intangible assets due to the intercompany transfer of certain intellectual property. The Company recorded an offsetting increase in the valuation allowance. No net tax benefit was recognized on the transfer, consistent with the Company’s continued expectation that no benefit will be recovered from the tax basis.

The valuation allowances of $177.1 million and $152.8 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, primarily related to tax basis in certain intangible assets and loss and credit carryovers that are not likely to be realized.

As of December 31, 2023, the Company had state and local tax net operating loss carryforwards of $16.3 million, of which $0.1 million expires within one to five years. $7.4 million expires within six to fifteen years, and $8.8 million expires within sixteen years to twenty years. The Company also had state tax credits of $7.7 million, a majority of which will expire in five to six years. As of December 31, 2023, the Company had non-U.S. net operating loss carryforwards of $3.6 million, of which $2.4 million expires over the next 20 years and $1.2 million can be carried forward indefinitely. In addition, the Company also had foreign tax credit carryforwards of $19.2 million, all of which will expire between 2029 and 2033. These amounts have been reduced for associated unrecognized tax benefits, consistent with ASC 740, Income Taxes.


	2023		2022		2021
Statutory tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%	21.0	%
State income taxes, net of federal benefit	2.1		2.4		2.8
Effect of non-U.S. operations	(0.4)		(2.0)		(3.4)
Intercompany sale of intellectual property	—		—		(5.6)
Net activity in unrecognized tax benefits	1.3		(1.1)		1.3
Law changes	—		—		1.3
Stock-based compensation expense	(3.1)		(2.0)		(2.0)



Limitation on executive compensation	2.3		1.4		1.7
Global intangible low-taxed income, net of foreign tax credits	1.2		1.9		1.7
Foreign-derived intangible income	(0.3)		(0.4)		(0.3)
Change in the valuation allowance	(1.2)		0.3		0.4

Other items, net	0.2		(0.1)		(0.7)
Effective tax rate	23.1	%	21.4	%	18.2	%

The Company completed intercompany transfers of certain intellectual property in both 2023 and 2021. The 2023 transfer resulted in the recognition of net deferred tax assets of $38.4 million representing tax basis in the acquiring jurisdiction less tax basis in the selling jurisdiction. Full valuation allowances have been established for these assets. No net tax benefit was recognized on the transfer, consistent with the Company's continued expectation that no benefit will be recovered from the tax basis.

The 2021 transfer resulted in recognition of approximately $54.1 million net tax benefits during 2021. These benefits represent the value of future tax deductions for amortization of the assets in the acquiring jurisdiction, net of any tax recognized in the selling jurisdiction. The Company’s intellectual property footprint continues to evolve and may result in tax rate volatility in the future.

As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $148.4 million and $137.2 million, respectively. The increase is primarily due to positions taken with respect to certain intercompany transactions. The gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 related primarily to transfer pricing on intercompany transactions, the exclusion of stock-based compensation expense from the Company’s cost sharing agreement, and the ability to realize certain refund claims. It is reasonably possible that gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $8.6 million within the next twelve months due to the anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation.

Included in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are potential benefits of $139.1 million that, if recognized, would reduce our effective tax rate on income from continuing operations. Also included in the balance of gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are potential benefits of $9.3 million that, if recognized, would result in adjustments to other tax accounts, primarily deferred taxes.

The table below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluding interest and penalties, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	2023		2022
Beginning balance	$	137,227	$	150,024
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	22,822		10,989

Additions for tax positions of prior years	4,361		12,153
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(14)		(485)
Reductions for expiration of statutes	(15,625)		(30,817)
Settlements	(441)		(2,177)
Change in foreign currency exchange rates	60		(2,460)
Ending balance	$	148,390	$	137,227

The Company accrues interest and penalties related to gross unrecognized tax benefits in its income tax provision. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had $17.4 million and $16.3 million, respectively, of accrued interest and penalties

related to gross unrecognized tax benefits. These amounts are in addition to the gross unrecognized tax benefits disclosed above. The total amount of interest and penalties recognized in the income tax provision during 2023 and 2022 was $1.8 million and $2.4 million, respectively.

The number of years with open statutes of limitation varies depending on the tax jurisdiction. The Company’s statutes are open with respect to the U.S. federal jurisdiction for 2020 and forward, India for 2006 and forward, and Ireland for 2019 and forward. For other major taxing jurisdictions, including U.S. states, the United Kingdom, Canada, Japan, Cyprus, and France, the Company’s statutes vary and are open as far back as 2013.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“the OECD”) has issued various proposals that would change long-standing global tax principles. These proposals include a two-pillar approach to global taxation, focusing on global profit allocation and a 15% global corporate minimum tax rate.

Several countries in which Gartner does business have proposed or enacted new laws or are actively considering changes to their tax laws to align with OECD proposals. Significant details around the provisions are still uncertain as the OECD and participating countries continue to work on defining the underlying rules and administrative procedures. Enactment of this and similar legislation could significantly increase our tax obligations in countries where we do business. We will continue to monitor and reflect the impact of such legislative changes in future financial statements as appropriate.

Under U.S. GAAP, no provision for income taxes that may result from the remittance of earnings held overseas is required if the Company has the ability and intent to indefinitely reinvest such funds overseas. The Company continues to assert its intention to reinvest all accumulated undistributed foreign earnings in its non-U.S. operations, except in instances where the repatriation of those earnings would result in minimal additional tax. Consequently, the Company has not recognized income tax expense that would result from the remittance of those earnings. The accumulated undistributed earnings of non-U.S. subsidiaries that have not been previously taxed were approximately $109.1 million as of December 31, 2023.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 946
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 13
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 235
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2))
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 14
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 21
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 270
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section S99
-Paragraph 2
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 30
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

+ Details

Debt - Footnote to Borrowings (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Debt - Footnote to Borrowings (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023	Jun. 18, 2021	Sep. 28, 2020	Jun. 22, 2020
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Weighted average annual effect rate	5.00%
Term Loan Facility \| 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Contractual annualized interest rate	6.73%
Floating eurodollar base rate	5.375%
Additional interest above base rate	1.35%
Aggregate principal amount			$ 400,000,000
Line of Credit \| Revolving Credit Facility \| 2020 Credit Agreement
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Remaining borrowing capacity	$ 1,000,000,000
Senior Notes \| 2028 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000			$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	4.50%			4.50%
Senior Notes \| 2029 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 600,000,000	$ 600,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.625%	3.625%
Senior Notes \| 2030 Notes
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Aggregate principal amount	$ 800,000,000		$ 800,000,000
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	3.75%
Connecticut Economic Development Program \| Economic Development Loan 1
Debt Instrument [Line Items]
Debt instrument, fixed interest rate	1.75%
Debt term	10 years

Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense by Award Type

The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the years ended December 31 (in millions).


Award type	2023		2022		2021
Stock appreciation rights	$	10.5	$	8.8	$	8.2
Restricted stock units (1)	118.2		81.0		89.6
Common stock equivalents	1.1		0.8		0.8
Total (2) (3)	$	129.8	$	90.6	$	98.6

Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense by Expense Category


Expense category line item	2023		2022		2021
Cost of services and product development	$	53.3	$	32.7	$	35.0
Selling, general and administrative	76.5		57.9		63.6
Total (1) (2) (3)	$	129.8	$	90.6	$	98.6

(2)The increase in stock-based compensation expense during 2023 was primarily due to changes in retirement-eligible provisions for certain stock-based compensation awards.

(3)Includes charges of $55.5 million, $32.2 million and $41.2 million during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.

Schedule of Fair Value Assumptions of SARS

The fair value of a SARs award is determined on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton valuation model with the following weighted average assumptions for the years ended December 31:


	2023		2022		2021
Expected dividend yield (1)	—	%	—	%	—	%
Expected stock price volatility (2)	35	%	33	%	31	%
Risk-free interest rate (3)	3.9	%	1.8	%	0.4	%
Expected life in years (4)	4.71		4.59		4.74

(1)The expected dividend yield assumption was based on both the Company’s historical and anticipated dividend payouts. Historically, the Company has not paid cash dividends on its Common Stock.

(2)The determination of expected stock price volatility was based on both historical Common Stock prices and implied volatility from publicly traded options in the Common Stock.

(3)The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield of a U.S. Treasury security with a maturity similar to the expected life of the award.

Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of the Changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs Outstanding

The table below summarizes changes in SARs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023.


	Units of SARs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Exercise Price		Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	0.8	$	168.16	$	42.99	3.89
Granted	0.1	348.47		126.04		5.78

Exercised	(0.3)	129.05		29.60		n/a
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (1) (2)	0.6	$	216.40	$	62.85	3.92
Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2023 (2)	0.3	$	170.63	$	42.88	3.25

n/a = not applicable

(1)As of December 31, 2023, 0.3 million of the total SARs outstanding were unvested. The Company expects that substantially all of those unvested awards will vest in future periods.

(2)As of December 31, 2023, the total SARs outstanding had an intrinsic value of $139.9 million. On such date, SARs vested and exercisable had an intrinsic value of $81.3 million.

Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of the Changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs Outstanding

The table below summarizes the changes in RSUs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023.


	Units of RSUs (in millions)	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	1.0	$	211.25
Granted (1)	0.5	348.02
Vested and released	(0.5)	193.30

Outstanding at December 31, 2023 (2) (3)	1.0	$	275.81

(2)The Company expects that substantially all of the RSUs outstanding will vest in future periods.

(3)As of December 31, 2023, the weighted average remaining contractual term of the RSUs outstanding was approximately 1.1 years.

Common Stock Equivalents

Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]

Schedule of the Changes in SARS, RSUs, and CSEs Outstanding

The table below summarizes the changes in CSEs outstanding during the year ended December 31, 2023.


	Units of CSEs	Per Share Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2022	115,279	$	33.35
Granted	3,196	359.23
Converted to shares of Common Stock upon grant and termination	(12,125)	100.86
Outstanding at December 31, 2023	106,350	$	35.45

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 1D
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-1D

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 35
-Paragraph 3
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480483/718-10-35-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 718
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (a)(1)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Subparagraph (a)(2)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Section 50
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(i)
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)(1)(iv)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480429/718-10-50-2

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 18: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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+ Details

Leases - Lease Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating Lease Payments
2024	$ 135,707
2025	117,552
2026	113,494
2027	109,493
2028	65,257
Thereafter	237,439
Total future minimum operating lease payments and estimated sublease cash receipts	778,942
Imputed interest	(167,043)
Total operating lease liabilities per the Consolidated Balance Sheet	611,899	$ 696,984
Sublease Cash Receipts
2024	47,311
2025	44,442
2026	44,243
2027	45,120
2028	8,139
Thereafter	18,392
Total future estimated sublease cash receipts	$ 207,647
UNITED STATES
Sublease Cash Receipts
Percentage of lease payments	79.00%

Revenue and Related Matters - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($)
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| segment	3
Revenue recognized previously attributable to deferred revenues	$ 2,000.0	$ 1,900.0	$ 1,600.0
Amortization of deferred sales commissions	$ 550.5	$ 562.1	$ 472.5
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of subscription contracts billable upon signing for twelve months of service	80.00%
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage of subscription contracts billable upon signing for twelve months of service	85.00%
Research \| Product Concentration Risk \| Revenue from Contract with Customer Benchmark
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Concentration risk percentage	92.00%

Stockholders' Equity (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Equity [Abstract]

Schedule of Transactions Relating to Common Stock

The table below summarizes transactions relating to the Company’s common stock for the three years ended December 31, 2023.


	Issued Shares	Treasury Stock Shares
Balance at December 31, 2020	163,602,067	74,759,985
Issuances under stock plans	—	(807,320)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	7,252,839
Balance at December 31, 2021	163,602,067	81,205,504
Issuances under stock plans	—	(599,081)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	3,822,090
Balance at December 31, 2022	163,602,067	84,428,513
Issuances under stock plans	—	(975,745)
Purchases for treasury (1)	—	1,811,758
Balance at December 31, 2023	163,602,067	85,264,526

(1)The Company used a total of $0.6 billion, $1.0 billion and $1.7 billion in cash for share repurchases during 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Schedule of Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component (Net of Tax)

The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the years indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).

Year Ended December 31, 2023


	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		(1,616)		11,677		10,061
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	15,086		132		—		15,218
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	15,086		(1,484)		11,677		25,279
Balance - December 31, 2023	$	(24,162)	$	(5,731)	$	(46,438)	$	(76,331)

Year Ended December 31, 2022


	Interest Rate Swaps		Defined Benefit Pension Plans		Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments		Total
Balance - December 31, 2021	$	(56,323)	$	(6,672)	$	(18,436)	$	(81,431)
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the year:
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income	—		2,244		(39,679)		(37,435)
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3)	17,075		181		—		17,256
Other comprehensive income (loss), net for the year	17,075		2,425		(39,679)		(20,179)
Balance - December 31, 2022	$	(39,248)	$	(4,247)	$	(58,115)	$	(101,610)

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

+ References

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+ Details

Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	12 Months Ended
Segment Information - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable segments \| segment	3
Intersegment Eliminations
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues \| $	$ 0

- Definition

+ References

+ Details

Revenue and Related Matters - Revenue Remaining Performance Obligation (Details) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 5.6
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2024-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 3.3
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2025-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 1.8
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction, Start Date [Axis]: 2026-01-01
Revenue, Remaining Performance Obligation, Expected Timing of Satisfaction [Line Items]
Remaining performance obligation, amount	$ 0.5
Revenue, remaining performance obligation, expected timing of satisfaction, period	1 year

Stock-Based Compensation - Weighted-Average Assumptions Used to Determine Fair Value of SARs Grants on Date of Grant Using Black-Scholes-Merton Valuation Model (Details) - Stock appreciation rights	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]
Expected dividend yield	0.00%	0.00%	0.00%
Expected stock price volatility	35.00%	33.00%	31.00%
Risk-free interest rate	3.90%	1.80%	0.40%
Expected life	4 years 8 months 15 days	4 years 7 months 2 days	4 years 8 months 26 days

- Definition

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

+ References

+ Details

Other Assets - Composition of Other Assets (Details) - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Deferred Costs, Capitalized, Prepaid, and Other Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Benefit plan-related assets	$ 124,298	$ 99,527
Non-current deferred tax assets	144,714	138,318
Other	70,276	59,686
Total other assets	$ 339,288	$ 297,531

- Definition

Amount of asset, recognized in statement of financial position, for overfunded defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans.

+ References + Details

Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Debt

The Company’s total outstanding borrowings are summarized in the table below (in thousands).


	December 31,
Description	2023		2022
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1)	$	274,400	$	282,200
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (1), (2)	—		—
Senior Notes due 2028 (“2028 Notes”) (3)	800,000		800,000
Senior Notes due 2029 (“2029 Notes”) (4)	600,000		600,000
Senior Notes due 2030 (“2030 Notes”) (5)	800,000		800,000
Other (6)	5,000		5,000
Principal amount outstanding (7)	2,479,400		2,487,200
Less: deferred financing fees (8)	(21,104)		(25,793)
Net balance sheet carrying amount	$	2,458,296	$	2,461,407

(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of December 31, 2023.

(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.

(4)Consists of $600.0 million principal amount of 2029 Notes outstanding. The 2029 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.625% and mature on June 15, 2029.

(5)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.

(7)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for 2023, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 5.00%.

(8)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense over the term of the related debt obligation.

Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

SEC Schedule, 12-09, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts [Abstract]

Summary of Valuation Allowance

The table below summarizes the activity in the Company’s allowance for losses for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).


	Balance at Beginning of Year		Additions Charged to Expense		Deductions from the Reserve		Balance at End of Year
2023	$	9,000	$	7,200	$	(7,200)	$	9,000
2022	$	6,500	$	7,800	$	(5,300)	$	9,000
2021	$	10,000	$	2,800	$	(6,300)	$	6,500